Italy, due to the little importance given to research and development in science, lacks scientific culture thus leading to having citizens with an absence of knowledge, curiosity and interest in Biology. In addition, the passive methodology that is still used in schools today is not suitable for teaching scientific disciplines, which makes learning boring and difficult for students. It is from this thought that the research idea at the heart of my thesis was born, which two main purposes are: to test whether an active approach is preferable for teaching science and to train responsible and informed citizens. The research work on the ecosystem and marine pollution was carried out in three classes in which the same topics were addressed but with a different methodology: passive with transmissive lessons for two classes which played the role of control groups, active and laboratory for the other class which had the role of experimental group. Interviews and questionnaires were administered to primary school science teachers and parents of the children involved in the experiment. The data collected allowed for the analysis of didactic and design choices in science teaching, opinions about the science discipline and the topics of the project design executed in the classroom. In the initial test, the experimental group had obtained the worst results, but at the end of the design, the comparison of the final evaluations showed that, among the three classes, it was the class that achieved the best results. This confirms the initial hypothesis and demonstrates how active methodology, as is supported by various studies and authors, is to be preferred because it involves students more and they become active participants in their own learning which is deeper, longer lasting and more meaningful.
L’Italia, a causa della poca importanza data alla ricerca e allo sviluppo in campo scientifico, scarseggia di cultura scientifica portando ad avere cittadini con assenza di conoscenze, curiosità e interesse in Biologia. In aggiunta, la metodologia passiva che si utilizza ancora oggi a scuola non è adatta ad insegnare le discipline scientifiche e ciò rende l'apprendimento noioso e difficoltoso per gli studenti. È proprio da questo pensiero che è nata l’idea di ricerca fulcro di questa tesi, le cui due finalità principali sono: verificare se l’approccio attivo è da preferire per l’insegnamento delle scienze e formare cittadini responsabili ed informati. Il lavoro di ricerca sull'ecosistema e l'inquinamento marino si è svolto in tre classi in cui sono stati affrontati i medesimi argomenti ma con metodologia diversa: passiva con lezioni trasmissive per due classi, le quali hanno ricoperto il ruolo di gruppi di controllo, attiva e laboratoriale per l'altra classe che ha esercitato il ruolo di gruppo sperimentale. Sono state somministrate interviste e questionari rivolti agli insegnanti di scienze della scuola primaria e ai genitori dei bambini coinvolti nella sperimentazione. I dati raccolti hanno permesso l’analisi delle scelte didattiche e progettuali nell’insegnamento delle Scienze, le opinioni sulla disciplina Scienze e sugli argomenti della progettazione attuata in aula. Nel test iniziale il gruppo sperimentale aveva ottenuto i risultati peggiori, ma al termine della progettazione, dal confronto delle valutazioni finali, è emerso che, tra le tre classi, è stata quella che ha conseguito i risultati migliori. Questo conferma l’ipotesi iniziale e dimostra come la metodologia attiva, come viene supportato da diversi studi e autori, sia da preferire poiché coinvolge maggiormente gli alunni, i quali sono partecipanti attivi del proprio apprendimento, il quale risulta più profondo, duraturo e significativo.
SPLASH! Alla scoperta dell'ecosistema e dell'inquinamento marino Una ricerca didattica sperimentale in una classe seconda primaria
FIGURA, VIVIANA
2023/2024
Abstract
Italy, due to the little importance given to research and development in science, lacks scientific culture thus leading to having citizens with an absence of knowledge, curiosity and interest in Biology. In addition, the passive methodology that is still used in schools today is not suitable for teaching scientific disciplines, which makes learning boring and difficult for students. It is from this thought that the research idea at the heart of my thesis was born, which two main purposes are: to test whether an active approach is preferable for teaching science and to train responsible and informed citizens. The research work on the ecosystem and marine pollution was carried out in three classes in which the same topics were addressed but with a different methodology: passive with transmissive lessons for two classes which played the role of control groups, active and laboratory for the other class which had the role of experimental group. Interviews and questionnaires were administered to primary school science teachers and parents of the children involved in the experiment. The data collected allowed for the analysis of didactic and design choices in science teaching, opinions about the science discipline and the topics of the project design executed in the classroom. In the initial test, the experimental group had obtained the worst results, but at the end of the design, the comparison of the final evaluations showed that, among the three classes, it was the class that achieved the best results. This confirms the initial hypothesis and demonstrates how active methodology, as is supported by various studies and authors, is to be preferred because it involves students more and they become active participants in their own learning which is deeper, longer lasting and more meaningful.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65612