The adoption of sustainable and ecological behaviours is an increasingly urgent and fundamental need to respond to the environmental challenges facing our Planet nowadays. For this reason, it is essential to promote awareness among citizens, both older and especially younger ones. The proposal of educational activities aimed at developing in children a sense of responsibility is a valuable element in achieving the main ecological goals of Agenda2030. This is both towards the people of their own and future generations and towards the resources that the planet offers. In fact, with this experimental research work, three other aims were pursued in addition to the described one: to observe the growth of critical thinking and problem-solving skills; to verify the acquisition and significant reworking of knowledge regarding the world of pollinators, and more specifically of Apis mellifera; and to attest to the efficiency of the use of the scientific-experimental method. Based mainly on the direct experimentation of the pupils, this method is an effective tool for creating meaningful learning situations that involve the peculiarities of each child and allow them to acquire knowledge in a profound way, in this case related to the ecological sphere. The classes involved in this experimental thesis are III A and B of the "Zambelli" primary school in Venice. By studying the main subject of the educational proposal, Apis mellifera, from a scientific point of view and by deepening the anatomical knowledge of the apoid, the class gradually came analyze and reflect on its ecological role in the pollination process and in the ecosystem. To make the proposal close to everyday life, the class was invited to get to the bottom of the causes that are leading to the reduction of the apoid and to formulate workable solutions. Being aware that environmental education and ecology, unlike the experimental scientific method, are usually treated with a qualitative rather than quantitative approach, the analytical tools that characterize both methodologies were kept in mind and integrated during the evaluation phase. In this way, objective data were considered to ascertain the learning of scientific content while children's personal reflections were taken into account for the development of the ecological spirit. The results obtained showed that the study of the topics through direct experimentation and the active involvement of the pupils promoted the occurrence of permanent and deep learning in them. From the evaluations obtained by the experimental group, it was possible to deduce a greater understanding and acquisition of knowledge compared to the control class, which mainly used the format of the frontal lesson. The study of pollinating insects and apoids using the scientific-experimental method also proved to be an important element in the development of critical-ecological thinking and a sense of responsibility. This is because analytical observation and direct experimentation of the anatomy of Apis mellifera enabled the children to gain a significant understanding of how plant pollination occurs and the importance of safeguarding the responsible insects. In conclusion, the formulation of hypotheses about ecological actions to save bees and the constant questioning of what was encountered allowed the pupils to develop the desire to deepen their knowledge, making them independent and autonomous in their future learning processes.
L’adozione di comportamenti sostenibili ed ecologici è una necessità sempre più urgente e fondamentale per rispondere alle sfide ambientali che il nostro Pianeta sta fronteggiando al giorno d’oggi. Per tale motivazione è essenziale promuovere la sensibilizzazione dei cittadini, gli adulti ma anche e soprattutto i più piccoli. La proposta di attività didattiche, volte a sviluppare il senso di responsabilità nei bambini, sia nei confronti della propria e delle future generazioni sia verso le risorse che il pianeta offre, rappresenta un elemento prezioso per raggiungere i principali obiettivi ecologici dell’Agenda 2030. Con il presente lavoro di ricerca sperimentale, sono stati perseguiti, infatti, oltre a quanto espresso, altri tre scopi: osservare l’accrescimento del pensiero critico e della capacità di problem solving; verificare l’acquisizione e rielaborazione significativa delle conoscenze relative al mondo degli impollinatori, e più precisamente dell’Apis mellifera; attestare l’efficacia dell’utilizzo del metodo scientifico-sperimentale. Basandosi principalmente sulla sperimentazione diretta degli studenti, tale metodo risulta uno strumento efficace per offrire situazioni di apprendimento significative che prendano in considerazione le peculiarità di ciascun bambino e permettano di acquisire le conoscenze in maniera profonda, in questo caso legate alla sfera ecologica. Le classi coinvolte in questo lavoro di tesi sono la III A e B della scuola primaria “Zambelli” di Venezia. Studiando da punto di vista prettamente scientifico il soggetto principale della proposta didattica, l’Apis mellifera, e approfondendo le conoscenze anatomiche dell’apoideo, la classe è man mano giunta ad analizzare e riflettere sul suo ruolo ecologico nel processo di impollinazione e nell’ecosistema. Per rendere la proposta vicina alla quotidianità, la classe è stata invitata ad andare a fondo delle cause che stanno portando alla riduzione dell’apoideo e a formulare possibili soluzioni. Consapevole che l’educazione ambientale e l’ecologia, a differenza del metodo scientifico sperimentale, sono solite essere affrontate con un approccio di tipo qualitativo più che quantitativo, nella fase di valutazione sono stati tenuti presenti e integrati tra loro gli strumenti di analisi che caratterizzano le due metodologie. In questo modo sono stati considerati per l’accertamento dell’apprendimento dei contenuti scientifici i dati oggettivi e per lo sviluppo dello spirito ecologico le riflessioni personali dei bambini. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato come lo studio degli argomenti attraverso la sperimentazione diretta e il coinvolgimento attivo dei destinatari abbia favorito negli alunni il verificarsi di apprendimenti permanenti e profondi. Dalle valutazioni ottenute dal gruppo sperimentale è stato possibile dedurre una maggiore comprensione e acquisizione delle conoscenze rispetto alla classe di controllo, la quale si è servita principalmente del format della lezione frontale. Lo studio degli insetti impollinatori e degli apoidei con il metodo scientifico-sperimentale si è rivelato essere un elemento significativo anche per favorire lo sviluppo del pensiero critico-ecologico e del senso di responsabilità. L’osservazione analitica e la sperimentazione diretta dell’anatomia dell’Apis mellifera hanno permesso ai bambini di comprendere significativamente le modalità con cui avviene l’impollinazione delle piante e l’importanza di salvaguardare gli insetti responsabili. In conclusione, la formulazione delle ipotesi riguardanti le azioni ecologiche per salvare le api e il mettere sempre in discussione quanto si incontrava hanno permesso di sviluppare negli alunni quel desiderio di approfondire le proprie conoscenze, rendendoli indipendenti ed autonomi nei loro processi di apprendimento futuri.
L’EDUCAZIONE AMBIENTALE A SCUOLA. Un percorso sulla sensibilizzazione dei bambini all’importanza ecologica dell’Apis mellifera attraverso il metodo scientifico-sperimentale.
BUSETTO, MARY
2023/2024
Abstract
The adoption of sustainable and ecological behaviours is an increasingly urgent and fundamental need to respond to the environmental challenges facing our Planet nowadays. For this reason, it is essential to promote awareness among citizens, both older and especially younger ones. The proposal of educational activities aimed at developing in children a sense of responsibility is a valuable element in achieving the main ecological goals of Agenda2030. This is both towards the people of their own and future generations and towards the resources that the planet offers. In fact, with this experimental research work, three other aims were pursued in addition to the described one: to observe the growth of critical thinking and problem-solving skills; to verify the acquisition and significant reworking of knowledge regarding the world of pollinators, and more specifically of Apis mellifera; and to attest to the efficiency of the use of the scientific-experimental method. Based mainly on the direct experimentation of the pupils, this method is an effective tool for creating meaningful learning situations that involve the peculiarities of each child and allow them to acquire knowledge in a profound way, in this case related to the ecological sphere. The classes involved in this experimental thesis are III A and B of the "Zambelli" primary school in Venice. By studying the main subject of the educational proposal, Apis mellifera, from a scientific point of view and by deepening the anatomical knowledge of the apoid, the class gradually came analyze and reflect on its ecological role in the pollination process and in the ecosystem. To make the proposal close to everyday life, the class was invited to get to the bottom of the causes that are leading to the reduction of the apoid and to formulate workable solutions. Being aware that environmental education and ecology, unlike the experimental scientific method, are usually treated with a qualitative rather than quantitative approach, the analytical tools that characterize both methodologies were kept in mind and integrated during the evaluation phase. In this way, objective data were considered to ascertain the learning of scientific content while children's personal reflections were taken into account for the development of the ecological spirit. The results obtained showed that the study of the topics through direct experimentation and the active involvement of the pupils promoted the occurrence of permanent and deep learning in them. From the evaluations obtained by the experimental group, it was possible to deduce a greater understanding and acquisition of knowledge compared to the control class, which mainly used the format of the frontal lesson. The study of pollinating insects and apoids using the scientific-experimental method also proved to be an important element in the development of critical-ecological thinking and a sense of responsibility. This is because analytical observation and direct experimentation of the anatomy of Apis mellifera enabled the children to gain a significant understanding of how plant pollination occurs and the importance of safeguarding the responsible insects. In conclusion, the formulation of hypotheses about ecological actions to save bees and the constant questioning of what was encountered allowed the pupils to develop the desire to deepen their knowledge, making them independent and autonomous in their future learning processes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65702