Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are disorders that share similar clinical features, including autonomic dysfunction. Because of this, differential diagnosis can be difficult and late, with implications for patients’ treatment and their inclusion in clinical trials. Moreover, involvement of autonomic nervous system impacts patients' quality of life and, sometimes, their survival, particularly when the impairment affects the cardiovascular domain. These elements would require identifying specific disease features through instrumental investigations to support the diagnosis, which is mainly clinical. Aim of the study: To define the features of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. To identify, through standardized clinical and instrumental assessment, aspects that can support the differential diagnosis between disorders, focusing on the involvement of urinary and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system. Methods: PD and MSA patients were assessed clinically using the COMPASS-31 score to evaluate dysautonomic symptoms and, respectively, by means of MDS-UPDRS and UMSARS scores to estimate disease severity. A subgroup of patients underwent neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging evaluation. A subgroup of patients underwent post-void residual volume evaluation using ultrasound to assess urinary function. In order to assess the involvement of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Holter ECG 24h, [123I] MIBG cardiac scintigraphy and cardiovascular autonomic tests were performed. Skin biopsy was performed in a subgroup of patients. Results: The clinical assessment of autonomic dysfunction using COMPASS-31 score showed a statistically significant difference in urinary function between the two groups of patients. The post-void residual volume, evaluated using ultrasound, was higher in the group with MSA than in the group with PD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed the presence of disruption of blood pressure circadian rhythm in 85.7% of patients with PD and 70% of patients with MSA. Cardiovascular autonomic tests revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients. Among the parameters of cardiovascular autonomic tests, a significant correlation emerged only between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in the supine position during head-up tilt test and the OH domain score of COMPASS-31. In 37.5% of patients with MSA who underwent [123I] MIBG cardiac scintigraphy, it was impaired. Skin biopsy did not detect phosphorylated alpha-synuclein deposits in 33.3% of MSA patients examined. It was found that patients who tested negative for p-syn had a longer average duration of disease than positive patients. In 44.4% of patients with MSA, the autonomic nervous system fibers were positive for p-syn. There were no statistically significant differences in the localization of pathological alpha-synuclein deposits in skin biopsies between the two groups of patients. Conclusions: Instrumental examinations performed to investigate involvement of autonomic nervous system and skin biopsy showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. This highlights the need to continue investigations with larger studies in order to identify specific markers of disease. The high frequency of abnormalities detected in the study shows the need to routinely introduce diagnostic assessments to investigate autonomic system.
Presupposti: La malattia di Parkinson e l’atrofia multisistemica sono due patologie che possono essere caratterizzate da manifestazioni cliniche simili, tra cui la disfunzione autonomica. Questo aspetto rende difficile e tardiva la diagnosi differenziale. Inoltre, il coinvolgimento del sistema nervoso autonomo impatta sulla qualità della vita dei pazienti e, talvolta, sulla loro sopravvivenza. Questi elementi rendono necessaria l’identificazione di caratteristiche specifiche delle due patologie, anche tramite indagini strumentali, a supporto della diagnosi che è principalmente clinica. Scopo dello studio: definire le caratteristiche della disfunzione autonomica in PD e MSA. Identificare, tramite valutazione clinica e strumentale standardizzata, gli aspetti che possano supportare la diagnosi differenziale tra le due patologie, con focus sul coinvolgimento del sistema nervoso autonomo urinario e cardiovascolare. Materiali e metodi: Pazienti con PD e MSA sono stati valutati clinicamente tramite la scala COMPASS31 per i sintomi disautonomici e, rispettivamente, mediante le scale MDS-UPDRS e UMSARS per stimare il grado di severità della malattia. Un sottogruppo di pazienti è stato sottoposto a valutazione neuropsicologica e a neuroimaging. Un sottogruppo di pazienti è stato sottoposto a calcolo del volume residuo post-minzionale tramite ecografia dell’addome inferiore per valutare la funzione urinaria. Al fine di valutare il coinvolgimento del sistema nervoso autonomo cardiovascolare sono stati eseguiti il monitoraggio pressorio continuo delle 24h, l’ECG dinamico secondo Holter delle 24 h, la scintigrafia miocardica con [123I] MIBG e i test autonomici cardiovascolari. In un sottogruppo di pazienti è stata eseguita la biopsia di cute. Risultati: La valutazione clinica della disfunzione autonomica tramite COMPASS-31 ha evidenziato una differenza statisticamente significativa nella funzione urinaria tra i due gruppi di pazienti. Il residuo post-minzionale calcolato all’ecografia dell’addome inferiore è risultato maggiore nel gruppo con MSA rispetto al gruppo con PD ma la differenza non è statisticamente significativa. Il monitoraggio continuo della pressione arteriosa delle 24h ha mostrato la presenza di alterazioni del ritmo circadiano della pressione arteriosa nell’85.7% dei pazienti con PD e nel 70% dei pazienti con MSA. I test autonomici cardiovascolari non hanno rilevato differenze statisticamente significative tra i due gruppi di pazienti. Tra i parametri dei test autonomici cardiovascolari, è emersa una correlazione significativa solo tra i valori della pressione arteriosa sistolica e diastolica in clinostatismo all’head up tilt test e il punteggio del dominio OH del COMPASS-31. Nel 37.5% dei pazienti con MSA sottoposti a scintigrafia miocardica con [123I] MIBG, l’esame è risultato alterato. La biopsia di cute non ha rilevato depositi di alpha-sinucleina fosforilata (p-syn) nel 33.3% dei pazienti con MSA esaminati. È emerso che i pazienti risultati negativi per p-syn hanno una durata media di malattia superiore rispetto ai soggetti positivi. Nel 44.4% dei pazienti con MSA le fibre del sistema nervoso autonomo sono risultate positive per p-syn. Non sono state evidenziate differenze significative nella localizzazione dei depositi patologici di alpha-sinucleina nelle biopsie di cute tra i due gruppi di pazienti. Conclusioni: Gli accertamenti strumentali eseguiti per indagare il coinvolgimento del sistema nervoso autonomo e la biopsia di cute non hanno mostrato differenze statisticamente significative tra i due gruppi di pazienti. Questo evidenzia la necessità di proseguire le indagini con studi più ampi al fine di identificare markers specifici di ciascuna malattia. L’elevata frequenza di alterazioni rilevata tramite gli accertamenti diagnostici suggerisce l’importanza dell’introduzione nella pratica clinica di routine di una valutazione standardizzata della funzione autonomica.
Marcatori di disautonomia in pazienti con malattia di Parkinson e atrofia multisistemica
MASSAROTTO, MICHELA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are disorders that share similar clinical features, including autonomic dysfunction. Because of this, differential diagnosis can be difficult and late, with implications for patients’ treatment and their inclusion in clinical trials. Moreover, involvement of autonomic nervous system impacts patients' quality of life and, sometimes, their survival, particularly when the impairment affects the cardiovascular domain. These elements would require identifying specific disease features through instrumental investigations to support the diagnosis, which is mainly clinical. Aim of the study: To define the features of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. To identify, through standardized clinical and instrumental assessment, aspects that can support the differential diagnosis between disorders, focusing on the involvement of urinary and cardiovascular autonomic nervous system. Methods: PD and MSA patients were assessed clinically using the COMPASS-31 score to evaluate dysautonomic symptoms and, respectively, by means of MDS-UPDRS and UMSARS scores to estimate disease severity. A subgroup of patients underwent neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging evaluation. A subgroup of patients underwent post-void residual volume evaluation using ultrasound to assess urinary function. In order to assess the involvement of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Holter ECG 24h, [123I] MIBG cardiac scintigraphy and cardiovascular autonomic tests were performed. Skin biopsy was performed in a subgroup of patients. Results: The clinical assessment of autonomic dysfunction using COMPASS-31 score showed a statistically significant difference in urinary function between the two groups of patients. The post-void residual volume, evaluated using ultrasound, was higher in the group with MSA than in the group with PD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed the presence of disruption of blood pressure circadian rhythm in 85.7% of patients with PD and 70% of patients with MSA. Cardiovascular autonomic tests revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients. Among the parameters of cardiovascular autonomic tests, a significant correlation emerged only between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values in the supine position during head-up tilt test and the OH domain score of COMPASS-31. In 37.5% of patients with MSA who underwent [123I] MIBG cardiac scintigraphy, it was impaired. Skin biopsy did not detect phosphorylated alpha-synuclein deposits in 33.3% of MSA patients examined. It was found that patients who tested negative for p-syn had a longer average duration of disease than positive patients. In 44.4% of patients with MSA, the autonomic nervous system fibers were positive for p-syn. There were no statistically significant differences in the localization of pathological alpha-synuclein deposits in skin biopsies between the two groups of patients. Conclusions: Instrumental examinations performed to investigate involvement of autonomic nervous system and skin biopsy showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. This highlights the need to continue investigations with larger studies in order to identify specific markers of disease. The high frequency of abnormalities detected in the study shows the need to routinely introduce diagnostic assessments to investigate autonomic system.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65721