BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies, primarily due to often late diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence following therapeutic treatments. This has necessitated the development of preclinical models capable of replicating the histological, molecular, and pathophysiological characteristics of the various ovarian carcinoma subtypes, taking into account the specificities of each patient. This approach facilitates the screening of the most effective drugs and the adoption of targeted, personalized therapies, enabling the prediction of treatment responses. In this context, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represent an emerging model for personalized medicine. These are 3D tumor models successfully derived from patient-derived tumor tissue, ascites, or pleural effusion, which are capable of recapitulating the heterogeneity of tumor, thereby obtaining a preclinical study model that more accurately reflects the in vivo pathology. PURPOSES OF THE STUDY: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of culturing patient-derived organoids (PDOs) obtained from high-grade serous ovarian tumors, examining their ability to maintain the characteristics and mutation profile of the in vivo neoplasm. Additionally, the reliability of PDOs as preclinical models compared to OVCAR3 cell lines in representing tumor complexity was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PDOs were cultured from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma samples. To characterize the PDOs, techniques such as immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, histochemistry, and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Subsequently, the results obtained from the PDOs were compared with the surgical samples to verify the maintenance of the cancer’s in vivo characteristics. Finally, a comparison of the PDOs with the OVCAR3 cell lines was performed, particularly studying the molecular profile related to EMT and cell proliferation. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that PDOs can be effectively cultured, successfully mimicking the characteristics of the patient-originating neoplasm, as evidenced by comparative analysis with surgical samples. Moreover, the expression of genes related to EMT in PDOs showed a greater resemblance to the in vivo pathology compared to that observed in traditional cell lines, suggesting that PDOs represent more reliable preclinical models. PDOs comprised a heterogeneous population of cells at different cell cycle stages, typical of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PDOs derived from HGSOC offers a more representative and faithful preclinical model of the in vivo pathology compared to OVCAR3 cell lines and other available preclinical models. This approach can improve the efficacy of ovarian cancer treatments by providing a more reliable patient-specific platform for preclinical testing, thereby bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo testing.
PRESUPPOSTI DELLO STUDIO: Il cancro ovarico ha il più alto tasso di mortalità tre le neoplasie maligne ginecologiche, principalmente a causa della diagnosi spesso tardiva e dell'alto tasso di recidiva dopo trattamenti terapeutici. Questo ha richiesto lo sviluppo di modelli preclinici in grado di replicare le caratteristiche istologiche, molecolari e fisiopatologiche dei diversi sottotipi dei carcinomi ovarici, considerando le specificità di ciascun paziente. Ciò permette di condurre lo screening dei farmaci più efficaci e di adottare terapie mirate personalizzate, prevedendo la risposta ai trattamenti. In questo scenario, gli organoidi derivati dal paziente (PDOs) rappresentano un modello emergente per la medicina personalizzata. Sono modelli 3D del tumore, ottenuti con successo da tessuto tumorale paziente-derivato, ascite, o versamento pleurico, riuscendo a ricapitolare l'eterogeneità tumorale, in modo tale da ottenere un modello preclinico di studio sempre più fedele alla patologia in vivo. OBIETTIVI DELLO STUDIO: Questo studio mira a valutare l'efficacia della coltura di organoidi derivati da pazienti (PDOs) ottenuti da tumori ovarici sierosi ad alto grado, esaminando la loro capacità di mantenere le principali caratteristiche della neoplasia in vivo. Inoltre, si è indagata l'affidabilità dei PDOs come modelli preclinici rispetto alle linee cellulari OVCAR3 nel rappresentare la complessità tumorale. MATERIALI E METODI: I PDOs sono stati coltivati a partire da campioni di tumore ovarico sieroso ad alto grado. Per caratterizzare i PDOs, sono state utilizzate tecniche di immunofluorescenza, immunoistochimica, istochimica e spettrometria di Raman. I risultati ottenuti dai PDOs sono stati confrontati con il campione chirurgico, per verificare il mantenimento delle caratteristiche della neoplasia in vivo. Infine, è stata eseguita una comparazione dei PDOs con le linee cellulari OVACR3, in particolar modo studiando il profilo molecolare correlato all'EMT e alla proliferazione cellulare. RISULTATI: I risultati hanno dimostrato che i PDOs possono essere coltivati in modo efficace, riuscendo a mimare le caratteristiche della neoplasia del paziente da cui origina, come evidenziato dall'analisi comparativa con i campioni chirurgici. Inoltre, l'espressione dei geni correlati all'EMT nei PDOs ha mostrato una maggiore somiglianza con la patologia in vivo rispetto a quella osservata nelle linee cellulari tradizionali. I PDOs sono rappresentati da una popolazione eterogena di cellule in diversa fase del ciclo cellulare, tipica della neoplasia tumorale. CONCLUSIONI: L'utilizzo dei PDOs derivati da HGSOC offre un modello preclinico più rappresentativo e fedele della patologia in vivo rispetto alle linee cellulari OVCAR3 e agli altri modelli sperimentali disponibili. Questo approccio può migliorare l'efficacia dei trattamenti per il tumore ovarico, fornendo una piattaforma paziente-specifico più affidabile per i test preclinici, in modo da colmare il divario tra i test in vitro e in vivo.
ORGANOIDI DERIVATI DAL PAZIENTE DEL CANCRO OVARICO COME MODELLI PRECLINICI NELL'ERA DELLA MEDICINA PERSONALIZZATA
CUNICO, GRETA
2023/2024
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies, primarily due to often late diagnosis and the high rate of recurrence following therapeutic treatments. This has necessitated the development of preclinical models capable of replicating the histological, molecular, and pathophysiological characteristics of the various ovarian carcinoma subtypes, taking into account the specificities of each patient. This approach facilitates the screening of the most effective drugs and the adoption of targeted, personalized therapies, enabling the prediction of treatment responses. In this context, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represent an emerging model for personalized medicine. These are 3D tumor models successfully derived from patient-derived tumor tissue, ascites, or pleural effusion, which are capable of recapitulating the heterogeneity of tumor, thereby obtaining a preclinical study model that more accurately reflects the in vivo pathology. PURPOSES OF THE STUDY: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of culturing patient-derived organoids (PDOs) obtained from high-grade serous ovarian tumors, examining their ability to maintain the characteristics and mutation profile of the in vivo neoplasm. Additionally, the reliability of PDOs as preclinical models compared to OVCAR3 cell lines in representing tumor complexity was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PDOs were cultured from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma samples. To characterize the PDOs, techniques such as immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, histochemistry, and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Subsequently, the results obtained from the PDOs were compared with the surgical samples to verify the maintenance of the cancer’s in vivo characteristics. Finally, a comparison of the PDOs with the OVCAR3 cell lines was performed, particularly studying the molecular profile related to EMT and cell proliferation. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that PDOs can be effectively cultured, successfully mimicking the characteristics of the patient-originating neoplasm, as evidenced by comparative analysis with surgical samples. Moreover, the expression of genes related to EMT in PDOs showed a greater resemblance to the in vivo pathology compared to that observed in traditional cell lines, suggesting that PDOs represent more reliable preclinical models. PDOs comprised a heterogeneous population of cells at different cell cycle stages, typical of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PDOs derived from HGSOC offers a more representative and faithful preclinical model of the in vivo pathology compared to OVCAR3 cell lines and other available preclinical models. This approach can improve the efficacy of ovarian cancer treatments by providing a more reliable patient-specific platform for preclinical testing, thereby bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo testing.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65741