Background. Among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is extremely high, and this condition can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. Furthermore, numerous studies have observed that it is an additional cardiovascular risk factor, regardless of the presence or absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Circulating stem cells (CSCs) are hematopoietic stem cells that originate in the bone marrow and are cyclically released into the blood. Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) have tissue “patrolling” functions, helping to fight infections and promote cell regeneration. It is hypothesized that they may be recruited to tissues or organs exposed to constant damage to promote tissue repair. A subpopulation of HSPCs, called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), is characterized by vascular tropism and plays an important role in the maintenance and repair of the vascular tree. A reduction in HSPCs has been found in subjects with common cardiovascular risk factors and in diabetic patients. This reduction can result in a progressive loss of the individual’s ability to respond to tissue damage. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), products of non-enzymatic reactions between glucose and proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are considered one of the main factors involved in multiorgan damage in diabetic patients and appear to be directly correlated with a higher incidence of micro and macrovascular complications; they are responsible for the premature aging of tissues and organs. Aims. To assess the potential association between the degree of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, and the levels of CSCs and markers of glycation in patients with DMT2. Materials and methods. From December 2023 to May 2024, patients attending the Diabetes Service of the Padua Hospital-University were consecutively recruited and subjected to a FibroScan, routinely requested as a screening for MASLD and the possible consequent liver fibrosis. For all patients, demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical information, as well as medical history and pharmacological history, were collected. Each patient underwent a skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement using an AGE Reader. The SAF measurement represents a new, non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method for assessing the level of AGEs in tissues. Subsequently, each patient underwent a blood draw (a 6 ml tube) for the cytometric determination of circulating stem cells. Results. Forty-eight subjects (35 males, 13 females) were enrolled, with 41.7% of the patients being overweight. A statistically significant difference was identified between patients with fibrosis and those without fibrosis concerning the median values of EPCs CD133+KDR+ and HSPCs CD34+CD45neg. A positive correlation was found between liver stiffness and EPCs with the CD34+CD133+KDR+ and CD133+KDR+ phenotypes. A positive correlation was observed between the degree of steatosis and HSPCs CD34+. A statistically significant difference was noted between patients with fibrosis and those without fibrosis regarding the means of the BMI, triglyceride levels, CAP, HSI, and ALT variables. A positive correlation was identified between liver stiffness and the variables BMI, CAP, HSI, and ALT. A positive correlation was found between hepatic steatosis and the variables total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, stiffness, and HSI. No association was identified between AGEs, measured by the AGEs Reader, and hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. Conclusions. It must be emphasized that the results of this study, compared with data from the scientific literature, do not allow for the delineation of a clear mechanism through which fibrosis or steatosis influence circulating stem cells, and vice versa. No correlation was found between tissue AGEs levels and liver damage, understood as fibrosis and steatosis.
Background:Nei pazienti con diabete di tipo 2 (DMT2), la prevalenza della malattia epatica steatosica associata a disfunzione metabolica (MASLD) è molto alta. Questa condizione può evolvere in steatoepatite associata a disfunzione metabolica (MASH) e infine cirrosi. MASLD è anche un fattore di rischio cardiovascolare indipendente.Le cellule staminali circolanti (CSCs), che originano dal midollo osseo e sono rilasciate nel sangue, hanno un ruolo nella rigenerazione cellulare e nel contrasto alle infezioni. Le cellule progenitrici endoteliali (EPCs), una sottopopolazione di queste cellule, sono importanti per la manutenzione e riparazione dei vasi sanguigni. Una diminuzione delle hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) è stata osservata nei pazienti diabetici e con fattori di rischio cardiovascolari, riducendo la capacità di rispondere ai danni tissutali.Gli advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) sono prodotti dalle reazioni tra glucosio e macromolecole come proteine, acidi nucleici e lipidi. Questi AGEs contribuiscono al danno multiorgano nei diabetici, aumentando le complicanze micro e macrovascolari e accelerando l'invecchiamento dei tessuti e degli organi. Scopo della tesi. Valutare l'associazione potenziale tra il grado di fibrosi epatica e steatosi e i livelli di CSCs e i valori dei marcatori di glicazione, nei pazienti con DMT2. Materiali e Metodi. Da dicembre 2023 a maggio 2024 sono stati reclutati consecutivamente pazienti afferenti al Servizio di Diabetologia dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova che venivano sottoposti all’esecuzione di un FibroScan, richiesto routinariamente come screening della MASLD e della possibile conseguente fibrosi epatica. Per tutti i pazienti sono state raccolte informazioni anagrafiche, demografiche, antropometriche, biochimiche, l’anamnesi patologica remota e l’anamnesi farmacologica. Per ogni paziente è stata effettuata anche una misurazione della skin autofluorescence (SAF) mediante AGE Reader. La misura della SAF rappresenta una metodica nuova, non invasiva, rapida e affidabile per valutare il livello di AGEs nei tessuti. Successivamente ciascun paziente è stato sottoposto ad un prelievo ematico (una provetta da 6 ml) per la determinazione citofluorimetrica delle cellule staminali circolanti. Risultati. Sono stati arruolati 48 soggetti (35 maschi, 13 femmine), il 41,7% dei pazienti era sovrappeso. È stata evidenziata una differenza statisticamente significativa tra pazienti con fibrosi e pazienti senza fibrosi per quanto riguarda i valori mediani delle EPCs CD133+KDR+ e delle HSPCs CD34+CD45neg. È stata individuata una correlazione positiva tra la rigidità epatica e le EPCs con i fenotipi CD34+CD133+KDR+ e CD133+KDR+. È stata osservata una correlazione positiva tra grado di steatosi e le HSPCs CD34+. Non è stata evidenziata nessun’associazione tra gli AGEs, misurati mediante l’AGEs Reader e la steatosi e la fibrosi epatica. Conclusioni. Si deve sottolinare che i risultati di questo studio, confrontati con i dati della letteratura scientifica, non permettono di delineare un meccanismo chiaro attraverso il quale la fibrosi o la steatosi influenzino le cellule staminali circolanti e viceversa. Non è stata rilevata alcuna correlazione tra i livelli di AGEs tissutali e il danno epatico, inteso come fibrosi e steatosi
Relazioni tra cellule staminali circolanti, marcatori di glicazione e fibrosi epatica in pazienti con diabete tipo 2
PILOTTI, ERICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background. Among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is extremely high, and this condition can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. Furthermore, numerous studies have observed that it is an additional cardiovascular risk factor, regardless of the presence or absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Circulating stem cells (CSCs) are hematopoietic stem cells that originate in the bone marrow and are cyclically released into the blood. Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) have tissue “patrolling” functions, helping to fight infections and promote cell regeneration. It is hypothesized that they may be recruited to tissues or organs exposed to constant damage to promote tissue repair. A subpopulation of HSPCs, called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), is characterized by vascular tropism and plays an important role in the maintenance and repair of the vascular tree. A reduction in HSPCs has been found in subjects with common cardiovascular risk factors and in diabetic patients. This reduction can result in a progressive loss of the individual’s ability to respond to tissue damage. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), products of non-enzymatic reactions between glucose and proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are considered one of the main factors involved in multiorgan damage in diabetic patients and appear to be directly correlated with a higher incidence of micro and macrovascular complications; they are responsible for the premature aging of tissues and organs. Aims. To assess the potential association between the degree of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, and the levels of CSCs and markers of glycation in patients with DMT2. Materials and methods. From December 2023 to May 2024, patients attending the Diabetes Service of the Padua Hospital-University were consecutively recruited and subjected to a FibroScan, routinely requested as a screening for MASLD and the possible consequent liver fibrosis. For all patients, demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical information, as well as medical history and pharmacological history, were collected. Each patient underwent a skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement using an AGE Reader. The SAF measurement represents a new, non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method for assessing the level of AGEs in tissues. Subsequently, each patient underwent a blood draw (a 6 ml tube) for the cytometric determination of circulating stem cells. Results. Forty-eight subjects (35 males, 13 females) were enrolled, with 41.7% of the patients being overweight. A statistically significant difference was identified between patients with fibrosis and those without fibrosis concerning the median values of EPCs CD133+KDR+ and HSPCs CD34+CD45neg. A positive correlation was found between liver stiffness and EPCs with the CD34+CD133+KDR+ and CD133+KDR+ phenotypes. A positive correlation was observed between the degree of steatosis and HSPCs CD34+. A statistically significant difference was noted between patients with fibrosis and those without fibrosis regarding the means of the BMI, triglyceride levels, CAP, HSI, and ALT variables. A positive correlation was identified between liver stiffness and the variables BMI, CAP, HSI, and ALT. A positive correlation was found between hepatic steatosis and the variables total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, stiffness, and HSI. No association was identified between AGEs, measured by the AGEs Reader, and hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. Conclusions. It must be emphasized that the results of this study, compared with data from the scientific literature, do not allow for the delineation of a clear mechanism through which fibrosis or steatosis influence circulating stem cells, and vice versa. No correlation was found between tissue AGEs levels and liver damage, understood as fibrosis and steatosis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65750