Traditionally neglected, attention towards adults in difficult situations has emerged with greater relevance following economic crises and the Covid-19 emergency. Over the last 50 years, social and educational services have mainly focused on minors, disabled people, the elderly, drug addiction, mental health and problematic families, often neglecting the adult individual in moments of fragility. But currently adult discomfort, in its extended form, emerges as the most critical aspect of our existential model, highlighting a profound crisis in the way of living and perceiving the current world. For centuries, the adult has been the point of reference for subsequent generations. Adult discomfort emerges when one finds oneself unprepared for the complexity that reality presents. Personal, family, work or social conditions experienced as unfavorable (work failures, family separations, abandonments, isolation, distances, migrations, psychological and relational balance, onset of illnesses, absence of operational tools,...) favor a process of incapacitation (Ciliberti, Palumbo , Baldini) such that it does not allow an investment in its potential. In a fluid social context, it is essential for the individual to maintain a solid personal identity, adapting to the different situations that the various contexts impose. This state of affairs requires training that is able to interpret the adult's path, helping him to restructure himself in a new way to understand the contexts rather than passively suffer them Training, therefore, requires a change of perspective in personal action, learning to manage discomfort and to accept uncertainty and confusion as usual conditions of adult life. Modern culture and economy have entrusted education with the task of guiding the future of human development; in doing so, education transcends teaching, guidance, accompaniment and support, becoming a continuous process of self-training. Problems such as job insecurity, declining marriage and family instability, and declining birth rates are accompanied by educational challenges, an increase in personal crises and illness. The society of the second modernity is no longer oriented towards homologation, but towards the management of diversity, of the otherness of lifestyles and of the various ways of existence in the contemporary world. Marginalization, understood as a departure from socially accepted living standards, and discomfort, understood as a state of isolation and alienation, derive not only from failure to conform to social norms, but also from psychological vulnerabilities and fragilities that can profoundly compromise existence. (for example, loss of self-esteem or decrease in social relationships). How does the fragile adult fit into a constantly evolving society? And what can be the educational approach that promotes inclusion? It becomes essential to rediscover educational professionalism, especially in the approach with which situations and contexts are interpreted. The educational perspective requires an in-depth and prejudice-free analysis of both the individual situation and the system in which it is inserted. The pedagogical approach must therefore recognize and address personal suffering, taking into account both the internal dimensions and the social relationships of the subject.
Tradizionalmente trascurata, l'attenzione verso gli adulti in situazioni di difficoltà è emersa con maggiore rilevanza a seguito di crisi economiche ed emergenza Covid-19. Negli ultimi 50 anni, i servizi sociali ed educativi erano principalmente concentrati sui minori, disabili, anziani, tossicodipendenze, salute mentale e famiglie problematiche, trascurando spesso l'individuo adulto in momenti di fragilità. Ma attualmente il disagio adulto, nella sua forma estesa, emerge come l'aspetto più critico del nostro modello esistenziale, evidenziando una crisi profonda nel modo di vivere e percepire il mondo attuale. Per secoli, l'adulto è stato il punto di riferimento per le generazioni successive. Il disagio adulto emerge quando ci si trova impreparati di fronte alla complessità che la realtà presenta. Condizioni personali, famigliari, lavorative o sociali vissute come sfavorevoli (fallimenti lavorativi, separazioni famigliari, abbandoni, isolamenti, lontananze, migrazioni, equilibri psichico relazionali, insorgenze di malattie, assenze di strumenti operativi,…) favoriscono un processo di incapacitazione ( Ciliberti, Palumbo, Baldini) tale da non consentire un investimento sulle proprie potenzialità. In un contesto sociale fluido, è fondamentale per l'individuo mantenere una solida identità personale, adattandosi alle diverse situazioni che i vari contesti impongono. Questo stato di cose richiede una formazione che riesca a interpretare il percorso dell'adulto, aiutandolo a ristrutturarsi in modo nuovo per comprendere i contesti piuttosto che subirli passivamente. La formazione, quindi, richiede un cambio di prospettiva nell'azione personale, imparando a gestire il disagio e ad accettare l'incertezza e la confusione come condizioni abituali della vita adulta. La cultura e l'economia moderne hanno affidato all'educazione il compito di guidare il futuro dello sviluppo umano; così facendo, l'educazione trascende l'insegnamento, la guida, l’accompagnamento e il sostegno, diventando un processo continuo di autoformazione. I problemi come l'insicurezza del posto di lavoro, il declino dei matrimoni e l’instabilità familiare e la diminuzione dei tassi di natalità sono accompagnati da sfide educative, da un aumento delle crisi personali e delle malattie. La società della seconda modernità non è più orientata all'omologazione, ma alla gestione della diversità, delle Alterità degli stili di vita e dei vari modi di esistenza nel mondo contemporaneo. Come si inserisce l’adulto fragile in una società in continua evoluzione? E quale può essere l’approccio educativo che favorisce l’inclusione? In questo contesto, l'obiettivo dell'intervento educativo dovrebbe essere quello di riconoscere non solo i limiti ma anche le potenzialità individuali e ambientali del soggetto, con l'intento di aiutarlo a liberarsi da vincoli sia auto-imposti che subìti. Un processo educativo che diventa quindi accompagnamento ad una ricerca di cambiamento per l’inclusione sociale L'emarginazione, intesa come allontanamento dagli standard di vita socialmente accettati, e il disagio, inteso come stato di isolamento e alienazione, derivano non solo dalla mancata conformità alle norme sociali, ma anche da vulnerabilità e fragilità psicologiche che possono compromettere profondamente l'esistenza (ad esempio, perdita di autostima o diminuzione delle relazioni sociali). Diventa fondamentale riscoprire la professionalità educativa, soprattutto nell'approccio con cui si interpretano le situazioni e i contesti. Lo sguardo educativo richiede un'analisi approfondita e priva di pregiudizi sia della situazione singola sia del sistema nel quale è inserita la stessa. L'approccio pedagogico deve quindi riconoscere e affrontare la sofferenza personale, tenendo conto sia delle dimensioni interiori che delle relazioni sociali del soggetto.
L’adulto fragile. Nuove prospettive educative per l’adulto in situazione di disagio
CARCERERI, ALESSANDRA
2023/2024
Abstract
Traditionally neglected, attention towards adults in difficult situations has emerged with greater relevance following economic crises and the Covid-19 emergency. Over the last 50 years, social and educational services have mainly focused on minors, disabled people, the elderly, drug addiction, mental health and problematic families, often neglecting the adult individual in moments of fragility. But currently adult discomfort, in its extended form, emerges as the most critical aspect of our existential model, highlighting a profound crisis in the way of living and perceiving the current world. For centuries, the adult has been the point of reference for subsequent generations. Adult discomfort emerges when one finds oneself unprepared for the complexity that reality presents. Personal, family, work or social conditions experienced as unfavorable (work failures, family separations, abandonments, isolation, distances, migrations, psychological and relational balance, onset of illnesses, absence of operational tools,...) favor a process of incapacitation (Ciliberti, Palumbo , Baldini) such that it does not allow an investment in its potential. In a fluid social context, it is essential for the individual to maintain a solid personal identity, adapting to the different situations that the various contexts impose. This state of affairs requires training that is able to interpret the adult's path, helping him to restructure himself in a new way to understand the contexts rather than passively suffer them Training, therefore, requires a change of perspective in personal action, learning to manage discomfort and to accept uncertainty and confusion as usual conditions of adult life. Modern culture and economy have entrusted education with the task of guiding the future of human development; in doing so, education transcends teaching, guidance, accompaniment and support, becoming a continuous process of self-training. Problems such as job insecurity, declining marriage and family instability, and declining birth rates are accompanied by educational challenges, an increase in personal crises and illness. The society of the second modernity is no longer oriented towards homologation, but towards the management of diversity, of the otherness of lifestyles and of the various ways of existence in the contemporary world. Marginalization, understood as a departure from socially accepted living standards, and discomfort, understood as a state of isolation and alienation, derive not only from failure to conform to social norms, but also from psychological vulnerabilities and fragilities that can profoundly compromise existence. (for example, loss of self-esteem or decrease in social relationships). How does the fragile adult fit into a constantly evolving society? And what can be the educational approach that promotes inclusion? It becomes essential to rediscover educational professionalism, especially in the approach with which situations and contexts are interpreted. The educational perspective requires an in-depth and prejudice-free analysis of both the individual situation and the system in which it is inserted. The pedagogical approach must therefore recognize and address personal suffering, taking into account both the internal dimensions and the social relationships of the subject.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65774