Introduction: The human face is crucial for social interaction and essential functions such as breathing, phonation, and alimentation. The mandible, constituting the lower third of the face, plays a critical role both morphologically and functionally. Gold-standard mandibular reconstruction techniques include the autologous bone flaps and the standard 2.4 reconstruction plates, the latter often associated with frequent complications. Due to this, the mandibular reconstruction introduces significant challenges for patients with compromised health, anatomical variations, or failure of standard techniques. Aim: This study aims to analyze the stability and safety of custom-made alloplastic prosthetic devices (REPLICA) for mandibular reconstruction, focusing on the long-term clinical and radiological effects. Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Padua University Hospital, in collaboration with SINTAC S.r.l. and 3Dfast S.r.l., who manufactured the device. The study involved adult patients with an ASA score > 2 and a Karnofsky score ≥ 60, presenting with segmental mandibular bone defects and either failure or refusal of standard reconstructive procedures, following written informed consent. After preoperative evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and CT scan, a customized prosthesis was designed and produced using CAD-CAM technology and 3D printing. Via cervical and intraoral access, guided osteotomies of the mandibular defect were performed, and the device was fixed to the bone stumps with bicortical screws. Postoperative monitoring took place in the Intensive Care Unit or Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, depending on the complexity of the intervention and the patient's overall condition. Long-term follow-up (36, 60, and 72 months) assessed the primary composite outcome of device stability and safety, the secondary outcome of perceived quality of life using the EORTC QLQ C-30 and H&N35 questionnaires, and ancillary outcomes such as mortality within the population and maintenance of prosthetic integrity. Results: From September 2012 to January 2024, 40 patients (26 men, 14 women) with a median age of 66 (63;73) years, all Caucasian, were recruited. The main operative diagnoses were mandibular bone necrosis (MRONJ, 30%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 18%). Perioperative complications, categorized into systemic (35%) and local (68%), predominantly included wound dehiscence (25%) and infections (15%) in the latter category. Oral refeeding was resumed after an average of 4 (1;16) days, and the median hospital stay was 15 (6;22) days. In the long term, success rates in terms of achieving the primary outcome were 75%, 100%, and 75% at 36, 60, and 72 months respectively, with significant improvements in quality of life. The overall mortality rate was 30%, and prosthetic failure at 72 months was 38%. Conclusions: Mandibular reconstruction using the REPLICA prosthetic device has proven to be safe, and effective in the long term, for compromised patients, offering significant improvements in quality of life. The results also suggest that REPLICA could represent a valid alternative to standard reconstructive techniques for healthier and younger individuals. Therefore, future studies should focus on developing similar prostheses that allow for the insertion of dental prosthesis, further improving the functionality and quality of life for patients.
Introduzione Il volto umano è fondamentale per l'interazione sociale e per funzioni essenziali come la respirazione, fonazione, e alimentazione. La mandibola, costituendo il terzo inferiore del volto, ha un ruolo cruciale sia morfologicamente che funzionalmente. Le tecniche principali per la ricostruzione mandibolare includono il lembo di osso autologo e la placca di ricostruzione standard 2.4, che presenta però frequenti complicanze rispetto all’opzione precedente. La ricostruzione mandibolare è una sfida per i pazienti con condizioni generali compromesse, varianti anatomiche o fallimento delle tecniche standard. Scopo Lo studio mira ad analizzare la stabilità e sicurezza dei dispositivi protesici alloplastici custom-made (REPLICA) per la ricostruzione mandibolare, con un focus sugli effetti clinici e radiologici a lungo termine. Materiali e Metodi Questo studio prospettico longitudinale di coorte è stato condotto presso U.O.C. di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, in collaborazione con SINTAC S.r.l. e 3Dfast S.r.l. che hanno realizzato materialmente il dispositivo. Lo studio ha coinvolto pazienti maggiorenni, con ASA score > 2 e Karnofsky score ≥ 60, difetti ossei segmentari della mandibola e fallimento o rifiuto delle procedure ricostruttive standard, previo consenso informato scritto. Dopo la valutazione preoperatoria, includente anamnesi, esame obiettivo, e TC, è stata progettata e prodotta una protesi personalizzata con tecnologie CAD-CAM e stampa 3D. Previo accesso cervicale e intraorale, si generano osteotomie guidate da dime del difetto mandibolare, il dispositivo, quindi, viene fissato ai monconi ossei con viti bicorticali, Il monitoraggio post-operatorio è avvenuto presso il reparto di Terapia Intensiva o Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, dipendentemente dalla complessità dell’intervento e dallo stato globale del paziente. Tramite con follow-up a lungo termine (36, 60 e 72 mesi) sono indagati l’outcome primario composito che descrive la stabilità e sicurezza dei dispositivi, l’outcome secondario che include la qualità della vita percepita tramite i questionari EORTC QLQ C-30 e H&N35 e, infine, gli outcome accessori che descrivono la mortalità all’interno della popolazione e il mantenimento dell’integrità protesica. Risultati Tra settembre 2012 e gennaio 2024 sono stati reclutati 40 pazienti (26 uomini, 14 donne), con un'età mediana di 66(63;73) anni, tutti caucasici. Le principali diagnosi operatorie sono state la necrosi ossea della mandibola (MRONJ, 30%) e il carcinoma squamocellulare (SCC, 18%). Le complicanze perioperatorie, distinte tra sistemiche (35%) e locale (68%), nel secondo caso includevano prevalentemente deiscenza delle ferite (25%) e infezioni (15%). La rialimentazione orale è stata ripresa dopo una media di 4(1;16) giorni e la degenza ospedaliera mediana è stata di 15(6;22) giorni. A lungo termine, i tassi di successo, in termini di raggiungimento dell’outcome primario, sono stati del 75%, 100% e 75% rispettivamente a 36, 60 e 72 mesi, con miglioramenti significativi nella qualità della vita. La mortalità globale riscontrata, invece, è stata del 30% e l’integrità protesica a 72 mesi del 63%. Conclusioni I risultati dimostrano che la ricostruzione mandibolare con il REPLICA si fattibile, sicura ed efficace a lungo termine, per pazienti fragili e compromessi, offrendo miglioramenti significativi nella qualità della vita. I risultati suggeriscono, inoltre, che REPLICA potrebbe rappresentare una valida alternativa alle tecniche ricostruttive standard anche nei soggetti più sani e giovani. Per questa ragione futuri studi dovrebbero, infatti, concentrarsi sullo sviluppo di protesi simili che consentano l'inserimento di denti protesici, migliorando ulteriormente la funzionalità e la qualità della vita dei pazienti.
Sicurezza e stabilità a lungo termine di dispositivi protesici CAD-CAM individualizzati per la ricostruzione mandibolare: risultati dello studio di coorte "REPLICA".
NARDIN, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: The human face is crucial for social interaction and essential functions such as breathing, phonation, and alimentation. The mandible, constituting the lower third of the face, plays a critical role both morphologically and functionally. Gold-standard mandibular reconstruction techniques include the autologous bone flaps and the standard 2.4 reconstruction plates, the latter often associated with frequent complications. Due to this, the mandibular reconstruction introduces significant challenges for patients with compromised health, anatomical variations, or failure of standard techniques. Aim: This study aims to analyze the stability and safety of custom-made alloplastic prosthetic devices (REPLICA) for mandibular reconstruction, focusing on the long-term clinical and radiological effects. Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Padua University Hospital, in collaboration with SINTAC S.r.l. and 3Dfast S.r.l., who manufactured the device. The study involved adult patients with an ASA score > 2 and a Karnofsky score ≥ 60, presenting with segmental mandibular bone defects and either failure or refusal of standard reconstructive procedures, following written informed consent. After preoperative evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and CT scan, a customized prosthesis was designed and produced using CAD-CAM technology and 3D printing. Via cervical and intraoral access, guided osteotomies of the mandibular defect were performed, and the device was fixed to the bone stumps with bicortical screws. Postoperative monitoring took place in the Intensive Care Unit or Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, depending on the complexity of the intervention and the patient's overall condition. Long-term follow-up (36, 60, and 72 months) assessed the primary composite outcome of device stability and safety, the secondary outcome of perceived quality of life using the EORTC QLQ C-30 and H&N35 questionnaires, and ancillary outcomes such as mortality within the population and maintenance of prosthetic integrity. Results: From September 2012 to January 2024, 40 patients (26 men, 14 women) with a median age of 66 (63;73) years, all Caucasian, were recruited. The main operative diagnoses were mandibular bone necrosis (MRONJ, 30%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 18%). Perioperative complications, categorized into systemic (35%) and local (68%), predominantly included wound dehiscence (25%) and infections (15%) in the latter category. Oral refeeding was resumed after an average of 4 (1;16) days, and the median hospital stay was 15 (6;22) days. In the long term, success rates in terms of achieving the primary outcome were 75%, 100%, and 75% at 36, 60, and 72 months respectively, with significant improvements in quality of life. The overall mortality rate was 30%, and prosthetic failure at 72 months was 38%. Conclusions: Mandibular reconstruction using the REPLICA prosthetic device has proven to be safe, and effective in the long term, for compromised patients, offering significant improvements in quality of life. The results also suggest that REPLICA could represent a valid alternative to standard reconstructive techniques for healthier and younger individuals. Therefore, future studies should focus on developing similar prostheses that allow for the insertion of dental prosthesis, further improving the functionality and quality of life for patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65804