Background. According to the WHO, NSCLC with rare histological subtypes account for the 5% of all NSCLC advanced cases; those rare lung tumors include every neoplastic histotype except for large cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Over the last few years it has become possible to assess how such rare lung cancers actually impact on the total number of cases, thanks to the efforts of the last decade to provide a definite diagnosis of these various neoplastic histological subtypes; moreover, such a result has been possible thanks to the introduction of IHC analysis of tissue biopsy and/or surgical samples, which have allowed a better characterization of these rare NSCLCs. Due to these cancers’ low incidence, epidemiological and clinical data are lacking as well as there is a lack of prospective randomized studies and reliable data to guide in the treatment of choice. Currently, the majority of data available on these NSCLC rare histological subtypes comes from retrospective studies, subgroup analysis in clinical trial involving different histologies or evidence is borrowed from the treatment guidelines of their more common counterparts. Moreover, in addition to the lack of an international consensus on the diagnosis and therapy for patients with rare lung cancer, there are also few clinical studies on the matter. Therefore, the lack of data on these rare histological subtypes and the will to shed light on those available represents the rationale of this observational and retrospective study. Purpose of the study. This study aims to describe the diagnosis and therapy for patients with rare histological subtypes of NSCLC that have been diagnosed and treated between 2010 and April 2024 at the Veneto Institute of Oncology in Padua. The main goal of this study is to asses the mean survival of patients enrolled in this work at 3 years after diagnosis, both in the overall population and within the various histological subgroups. Materials and methods. The work in question is based on a monocentric observational retrospective study which collects data from patients with rare histological subtypes of NSCLC that have been treated at the Oncology 2 Unit of the Veneto Institute of Oncology in Padua, or here received for a second opinion, from January 2010 to April 2024. The data collected concerns the clinical characteristics of disease, the therapies undertaken and their outcomes. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curves for disease free survival following radical therapy, progression free survival after the first two lines of treatment and overall survival were included in the statistical analysis. Results. The study population includes 111 patients diagnosed with rare NSCLC who, compared to the total number of patients diagnosed with NSCLC being followed at the Veneto Institute of Oncology in Padua in the same period (4700 cases), account approximately for the 2.36% of cases. The average OS at 3 years after diagnosis in the enrolled population was estimated to be 22-30%, compared to an average OS at 3 years after diagnosis of 42% for conventional forms of NSCLC. This rare lung cancers, therefore, appear to be characterized by a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, few experimental therapies and clinical trials are available for patients with rare histological subtypes of NSCLC (6 cases out of 111). Finally, the analysis conducted during this study confirm, in agreement with literature, the existence of some more frequently diagnosed tumors. Conclusions. This observational retrospective study confirms a generally poorer prognosis for NSCLC with rare histology compared to that of conventional forms, as well as the lack of standardized therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these tumors. Therefore, in the future it would be desirable to conduct further studies in order to outline specific and standardized diagnostic-therapeutic guidelines for each rare form of NSCLC.
Presupposti dello studio. Secondo i dati pubblicati dalla WHO nel 2021, solo il 5% dei casi di NSCLC avanzati sono riconducibili a istotipi tumorali rari, intesi come tutte quelle entità istologiche appartenenti ai NSCLC ad eccezione di carcinoma a grandi cellule, carcinoma squamoso e adenocarcinoma invasivo non mucinoso. Solo di recente è stato possibile valutare quanto tali forme neoplastiche rare effettivamente incidano sul numero totale dei casi, grazie agli sforzi dell’ultimo decennio nell’arrivare ad un’accurata diagnosi dei vari sottotipi istologici anche tramite l’introduzione dell’immunoistochimica (IHC) la quale ha permesso una migliore caratterizzazione dei tumori polmonari. A causa della bassa incidenza di questi tumori, mancano dati epidemiologici, clinici, studi prospettici randomizzati e dati affidabili per guidare la scelta del trattamento migliore. La maggior parte dei dati ad oggi disponibili su queste forme neoplastiche derivano da studi retrospettivi, analisi di sottogruppi di studi clinici che coinvolgono diverse istologie oppure le evidenze sono prese in prestito dalle linee guida terapeutiche delle loro controparti più comuni. In aggiunta, ad oggi oltre a mancare un consensus internazionale sul PDTA di tali neoplasie rare, sono anche pochi gli studi clinici al riguardo. Pertanto, la mancanza di dati su queste forme rare di NSCLC e la volontà di far chiarezza tra i dati invece disponibili rappresenta il razionale di questo studio osservazionale e retrospettivo. Scopo dello studio. Lo studio in oggetto ha come obiettivo la descrizione del PDTA dei NSCLC a istologia rara in pazienti che abbiano ricevuto la diagnosi e il relativo trattamento tra il 2010 e aprile 2024, all’interno dell’Istituto Oncologico Veneto – IRCCS nella sede di Padova. Lo studio si pone come obiettivo primario il calcolo della sopravvivenza mediana a 3 anni dalla diagnosi (mOS) dei pazienti inclusi nello studio, sia nella popolazione complessiva sia all’interno dei diversi sottogruppi istologici. Materiali e metodi. Il lavoro si basa su uno studio monocentrico, osservazionale, retrospettivo che raccoglie i dati di pazienti con NSCLC ad istologia rara in cura presso la UOC di Oncologia 2 dello IOV di Padova, o ivi giunti per seconda opinione, tra gennaio 2010 e aprile 2024. I dati raccolti riguardano le caratteristiche cliniche di malattia, le terapie intraprese e i loro esiti. Nelle analisi statistiche sono state incluse le curve di Kaplan-Meier per la sopravvivenza libera da malattia in seguito a terapia radicale, libera da progressione per le prime due linee terapeutiche e globale. Risultati. La popolazione oggetto di studio comprende 111 pazienti con NSCLC a istologia rara i quali, rispetto al totale di pazienti con diagnosi di NSCLC seguiti presso lo IOV di Padova nello stesso periodo (circa 4700 casi), rappresentano circa il 2,36% dei casi. La OS mediana a 3 anni dalla diagnosi nella popolazione arruolata è stata stimata essere pari al 22-30%, vs una OS media a 3 anni dalla diagnosi del 42% per le forme convenzionali di tumore polmonare. Le forme rare di NSCLC sembrano essere caratterizzate quindi da una prognosi più infausta. Inoltre, per i pazienti affetti da NSCLC a istologia rara sono disponibili poche terapie sperimentali e trial clinici (6 casi su 111 analizzati). Infine, dalle analisi condotte in corso di studio si conferma, in accordo con la letteratura, l’esistenza di tumori a più frequente riscontro. Conclusioni. In tale studio osservazionale e retrospettivo si conferma una prognosi tendenzialmente più infausta per i NSCLC a istologia rara rispetto alle forme convenzionali, oltre che la mancanza di strategie terapeutiche standardizzate per il trattamento di tali neoplasie. Pertanto, in futuro sarebbe auspicabile eseguire ulteriori studi così da poter delineare delle linee guida diagnostico-terapeutiche standardizzate ad hoc per ogni forma rara di NSCLC.
STUDIO OSSERVAZIONALE RETROSPETTIVO MONOCENTRICO SUL PERCORSO DIAGNOSTICO TERAPEUTICO ASSISTENZIALE (PDTA) IN PAZIENTI CON CARCINOMA AL POLMONE NON A PICCOLE CELLULE (NSCLC) A ISTOLOGIA RARA
FOGLIA, LISA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background. According to the WHO, NSCLC with rare histological subtypes account for the 5% of all NSCLC advanced cases; those rare lung tumors include every neoplastic histotype except for large cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Over the last few years it has become possible to assess how such rare lung cancers actually impact on the total number of cases, thanks to the efforts of the last decade to provide a definite diagnosis of these various neoplastic histological subtypes; moreover, such a result has been possible thanks to the introduction of IHC analysis of tissue biopsy and/or surgical samples, which have allowed a better characterization of these rare NSCLCs. Due to these cancers’ low incidence, epidemiological and clinical data are lacking as well as there is a lack of prospective randomized studies and reliable data to guide in the treatment of choice. Currently, the majority of data available on these NSCLC rare histological subtypes comes from retrospective studies, subgroup analysis in clinical trial involving different histologies or evidence is borrowed from the treatment guidelines of their more common counterparts. Moreover, in addition to the lack of an international consensus on the diagnosis and therapy for patients with rare lung cancer, there are also few clinical studies on the matter. Therefore, the lack of data on these rare histological subtypes and the will to shed light on those available represents the rationale of this observational and retrospective study. Purpose of the study. This study aims to describe the diagnosis and therapy for patients with rare histological subtypes of NSCLC that have been diagnosed and treated between 2010 and April 2024 at the Veneto Institute of Oncology in Padua. The main goal of this study is to asses the mean survival of patients enrolled in this work at 3 years after diagnosis, both in the overall population and within the various histological subgroups. Materials and methods. The work in question is based on a monocentric observational retrospective study which collects data from patients with rare histological subtypes of NSCLC that have been treated at the Oncology 2 Unit of the Veneto Institute of Oncology in Padua, or here received for a second opinion, from January 2010 to April 2024. The data collected concerns the clinical characteristics of disease, the therapies undertaken and their outcomes. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curves for disease free survival following radical therapy, progression free survival after the first two lines of treatment and overall survival were included in the statistical analysis. Results. The study population includes 111 patients diagnosed with rare NSCLC who, compared to the total number of patients diagnosed with NSCLC being followed at the Veneto Institute of Oncology in Padua in the same period (4700 cases), account approximately for the 2.36% of cases. The average OS at 3 years after diagnosis in the enrolled population was estimated to be 22-30%, compared to an average OS at 3 years after diagnosis of 42% for conventional forms of NSCLC. This rare lung cancers, therefore, appear to be characterized by a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, few experimental therapies and clinical trials are available for patients with rare histological subtypes of NSCLC (6 cases out of 111). Finally, the analysis conducted during this study confirm, in agreement with literature, the existence of some more frequently diagnosed tumors. Conclusions. This observational retrospective study confirms a generally poorer prognosis for NSCLC with rare histology compared to that of conventional forms, as well as the lack of standardized therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these tumors. Therefore, in the future it would be desirable to conduct further studies in order to outline specific and standardized diagnostic-therapeutic guidelines for each rare form of NSCLC.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65808