Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is commonly observed in pediatric cardiomyopathies (CM) and is associated with a more severe prognosis and reduced survival rates. While its evaluation is well established in adults, assessing LV diastolic function in children still remains a challenging task. Current guidelines for DD evaluation appear to be inadequate when applied to pediatric CM patients. LA function plays a crucial role in modulating LV filling through its reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions. Therefore, assessing LA-specific parameters, such as LA strain, could be valuable in determining the clinical state in children with CMs. Aim of the study: The aim is to investigate and assess the prognostic value of LAS measured using 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) in infants and children affected by cardiomyopathies, in particular DCM, RCM and HCM and to see if alterations in said LAS value can predict adverse events. Methods: The study includes children affected by different types of cardiomyopathy selected using hospital database from three different centres. Death or aborted death, hospitalization for HF, need for a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) or cardiac transplantation were adopted as primary composite endopint. Demographic data was collected too. All patients underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiographic assessment and a 2D Speckle Tracking analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed that lower peak systolic left atrial strain and strain rate, impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS), reduced LVEF, increased left atrial volume index (LAVi), and higher E/E' ratio were significantly associated with a higher incidence of the combined endpoint. Multivariate analysis identified left atrial strain (LAS) as an independent predictor of the combined endpoint. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with LAS above the median value had a significantly better event-free survival. Conclusions: This study suggest that LAS assessed using 2D-STE is a highly reliable prognostic tool in children affected by CMs.
Contesto: La disfunzione diastolica del ventricolo sinistro (DD) è comunemente osservata nelle cardiomiopatie pediatriche (CM) ed è associata a una prognosi più grave e a tassi di sopravvivenza ridotti. Sebbene la sua valutazione sia ben consolidata negli adulti, la valutazione della funzione diastolica del ventricolo sinistro nei bambini rimane una sfida. Le attuali linee guida per la valutazione della DD sembrano essere inadeguate quando applicate ai pazienti pediatrici con CM. La funzione dell'atrio sinistro (LA) gioca un ruolo cruciale nel modulare il riempimento del ventricolo sinistro attraverso le sue funzioni di serbatoio, condotto e pompa di richiamo. Pertanto, valutare parametri specifici dell'LA, come lo strain del LA, potrebbe essere utile per determinare lo stato clinico nei bambini con CM. Obiettivo dello studio: Investigare e valutare il valore prognostico dello strain dell’LA misurato mediante ecocardiografia speckle tracking bidimensionale (2D-STE) in neonati e bambini affetti da cardiomiopatie, in particolare DCM, RCM e HCM, e verificare se alterazioni in tale valore possano predire eventi avversi. Metodi: Lo studio include bambini affetti da diversi tipi di cardiomiopatia selezionati utilizzando il database ospedaliero di tre diversi centri. La morte o la morte evitata, l'ospedalizzazione per insufficienza cardiaca (HF), la necessità di un dispositivo di assistenza ventricolare (VAD) o il trapianto cardiaco sono stati adottati come endpoint composito primario. Sono stati raccolti anche dati demografici. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a una valutazione ecocardiografica transtoracica completa e a un'analisi speckle tracking 2D. Risultati: L'analisi univariata ha mostrato che un minor picco di strain sistolico dell'atrio sinistro e del tasso di strain, un compromesso strain longitudinale globale (GLS), una ridotta LVEF, un aumentato indice di volume dell'atrio sinistro (LAVi) e un rapporto E/E' più alto erano significativamente associati a una maggiore incidenza dell'endpoint composito. L'analisi multivariata invece ha identificato lo strain dell'atrio sinistro (LAS) come unico predittore indipendente dell'endpoint composito. Inoltre i pazienti con LAS al di sopra della media avevano una sopravvivenza libera da eventi significativamente migliore. Conclusioni: Questo studio suggerisce che il LAS valutato utilizzando la STE 2D è uno strumento prognostico altamente affidabile nei bambini affetti da CM
Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Strain in Pediatric Cardiomyopathies: a Multi-Centre Study
CRISARÀ, MARIA BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is commonly observed in pediatric cardiomyopathies (CM) and is associated with a more severe prognosis and reduced survival rates. While its evaluation is well established in adults, assessing LV diastolic function in children still remains a challenging task. Current guidelines for DD evaluation appear to be inadequate when applied to pediatric CM patients. LA function plays a crucial role in modulating LV filling through its reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions. Therefore, assessing LA-specific parameters, such as LA strain, could be valuable in determining the clinical state in children with CMs. Aim of the study: The aim is to investigate and assess the prognostic value of LAS measured using 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) in infants and children affected by cardiomyopathies, in particular DCM, RCM and HCM and to see if alterations in said LAS value can predict adverse events. Methods: The study includes children affected by different types of cardiomyopathy selected using hospital database from three different centres. Death or aborted death, hospitalization for HF, need for a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) or cardiac transplantation were adopted as primary composite endopint. Demographic data was collected too. All patients underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiographic assessment and a 2D Speckle Tracking analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed that lower peak systolic left atrial strain and strain rate, impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS), reduced LVEF, increased left atrial volume index (LAVi), and higher E/E' ratio were significantly associated with a higher incidence of the combined endpoint. Multivariate analysis identified left atrial strain (LAS) as an independent predictor of the combined endpoint. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with LAS above the median value had a significantly better event-free survival. Conclusions: This study suggest that LAS assessed using 2D-STE is a highly reliable prognostic tool in children affected by CMs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65821