ABSTRACT Background Infertility affects up to 25% of couples in more developed countries and it is recognized by the World Health Organization as a global public health problem. The analysis of the seminal fluid is the most widely used method in the evaluation of male infertility, from which is possible to obtain information about the functional state of the gonads, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, and accessory sex glands. The evaluation of male infertility needs, however, a wide clinical framework that includes an accurate objective examination of the patient, a detailed medical history, genetic tests, endocrinological tests for the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and for the study of metabolic parameters. In fact, it is widely known that overweight and obesity adversely interfere with the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and that the resulting hypogonadism exerts a negative effect on the axis itself and on the energy metabolism, in a vicious circle that feeds itself. From this it can be deduced that male fertility is largely influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle, such as pollution, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and especially diet. Aim of the Study This prospective observational study aims to analyse the main seminal parameters, the metabolic and hormonal structure of patients and then establish an association between them, the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The goal is to draw a correlation between lifestyle, especially eating habits, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking and the reproductive and metabolic health of the patient, mirror of the overall health. Materials and Methods We have examined men between the ages of 18 and 60 years who have spontaneously turned, with a prescription for a seminal fluid examination, to the UOC of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine (Hospital of Padua). All subjects, who voluntarily agreed to participate to the study, were subjected to a general medical history (through which were examined exclusion factors from the study) an anthropometric assessment (body weight and height) and an interview including two dietary questionnaires, validated and recognized internationally: the "Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener" (MEDAS) which evaluates the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the "24-hours Food Recall Questionnaire" for the evaluation of the consumption of ultra-processed foods.
RIASSUNTO Premesse L’infertilità colpisce fino al 25% delle coppie nei paesi più sviluppati ed è riconosciuta dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità come un problema globale di salute pubblica. L’analisi del liquido seminale è la metodica maggiormente utilizzata nella valutazione dell’infertilità maschile, da questo è possibile ottenere informazioni circa lo stato funzionale delle gonadi, dei tubuli seminiferi, degli epididimi e delle ghiandole sessuali accessorie. La valutazione dell’infertilità maschile va, però, ben oltre questo semplice esame di laboratorio, in quanto deve avvalersi di un ampio inquadramento clinico che include un accurato esame obiettivo del paziente, una dettagliata anamnesi, test genetici, esami endocrinologici per la valutazione dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-gonadi in toto e per lo studio dell’assetto metabolico. Infatti è ampiamente noto che sovrappeso e obesità interferiscono negativamente con il funzionamento dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-gonadi e come l’ipogonadismo che ne deriva eserciti un effetto negativo sull’asse stesso e sul metabolismo energetico, in un circolo vizioso che si autoalimenta. Da ciò si deduce come la fertilità maschile sia ampiamente influenzata dai fattori ambientali e dallo stile di vita, quali inquinamento, fumo di sigaretta, consumo di alcol, attività fisica e soprattutto regime alimentare. Scopo dello Studio Tale studio osservazionale prospettico si prefigge di analizzare i principali parametri seminali, l’assetto metabolico e ormonale dei pazienti per poi stabilire un’associazione tra questi, l’aderenza alla dieta mediterranea e il consumo di cibi ultra-processati. L’obiettivo è quello di delineare una correlazione tra lo stile di vita, in particolare le abitudini alimentari, il consumo di alcol e il fumo di sigaretta e la salute riproduttiva e metabolica dell’individuo, specchio della salute globale. Materiali e Metodi Sono stati esaminati uomini di età compresa tra i 18 e i 60 anni che si sono rivolti spontaneamente, con la prescrizione per un esame del liquido seminale, presso l'UOC di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione (Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova). Tutti i soggetti che hanno accettato volontariamente di partecipare allo studio sono stati sottoposti ad anamnesi generale (attraverso cui sono stati esaminati i fattori di esclusione dallo studio), valutazione antropometrica (peso corporeo e altezza) e ad un’intervista comprendente due questionari dietetici validati e riconosciuti a livello internazionale, il “Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener” (MEDAS) per valutare l’aderenza alla dieta mediterranea e il “24-hours Food Recall Questionnaire” per la valutazione del consumo di cibi ultra-processati.
Ruolo del modello dietetico mediterraneo nella salute riproduttiva maschile: associazione tra stili di vita e abitudini alimentari con i parametri seminali, ormonali e metabolici.
MINGARDI, ASIA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Infertility affects up to 25% of couples in more developed countries and it is recognized by the World Health Organization as a global public health problem. The analysis of the seminal fluid is the most widely used method in the evaluation of male infertility, from which is possible to obtain information about the functional state of the gonads, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, and accessory sex glands. The evaluation of male infertility needs, however, a wide clinical framework that includes an accurate objective examination of the patient, a detailed medical history, genetic tests, endocrinological tests for the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and for the study of metabolic parameters. In fact, it is widely known that overweight and obesity adversely interfere with the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and that the resulting hypogonadism exerts a negative effect on the axis itself and on the energy metabolism, in a vicious circle that feeds itself. From this it can be deduced that male fertility is largely influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle, such as pollution, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and especially diet. Aim of the Study This prospective observational study aims to analyse the main seminal parameters, the metabolic and hormonal structure of patients and then establish an association between them, the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The goal is to draw a correlation between lifestyle, especially eating habits, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking and the reproductive and metabolic health of the patient, mirror of the overall health. Materials and Methods We have examined men between the ages of 18 and 60 years who have spontaneously turned, with a prescription for a seminal fluid examination, to the UOC of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine (Hospital of Padua). All subjects, who voluntarily agreed to participate to the study, were subjected to a general medical history (through which were examined exclusion factors from the study) an anthropometric assessment (body weight and height) and an interview including two dietary questionnaires, validated and recognized internationally: the "Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener" (MEDAS) which evaluates the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the "24-hours Food Recall Questionnaire" for the evaluation of the consumption of ultra-processed foods.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65985