This cross-cultural study (238 respondents from 44 countries) explores the concept of Work as a Calling addressing the question of generalisability across occupational and cultural boundaries, with a focus on a specific work domain: the humanitarian sector. The research provided evidence to support the idea that callings are stronger in situations in which there is both a clear societal need to be filled, which reinforces the sense of outer requiredness of the calling, and a need for distinct skills, which in turns foster the sense of inner requiredness. The humanitarian sector presents both these characteristics and the data collected confirmed that humanitarian workers strongly live work as a calling. Furthermore, all dimensions of calling utilised in this study (passion,identity, purpose, sacrifice, pervasiveness, moral duty and transcendent summons - as measured by the UMCS_28, plus moral duty) are relevant across cultures. The results obtained in the study also confirmed that the construct of calling varies qualitatively across sectors: in the humanitarian field, the dimension of pro-sociality was confirmed to bear more relevance in defining the construct in comparison to the other dimensions. Quite importantly from the cross-cultural perspective, calling resulted to be negatively correlated to the weirdness (acronymous indicating Western, Educated, Industralised, Rich, Democratic - WEIRD countries) of the country/culture of the respondents. This mainly resulted from the fact that humanitarian workers in WEIRD countries present high values for the inner-requiredness dimensions of calling (such as passion, identity, purpose), but they have comparatively lower values for dimensions more related to the outer-requiredness pole of the spectrum, such as moral duty and transcendent summons. Participants coming from less-WEIRD countries (which, in the present study, correspond to more collectivistic cultures and societies with higher tolerance for unequal distribution of power) present instead high values for both the inner- and the outer-requiredness dimensions, resulting overall in stronger calling.
Questo studio interculturale (238 intervistati/e provenienti da 44 Paesi) esplora il concetto di lavoro come chiamata affrontando la questione della generalizzabilità attraverso i confini occupazionali e culturali, con focus su un particolare ambito lavorativo: il settore umanitario. La ricerca ha fornito prove a sostegno dell'idea che la chiamata professionale è più forte in situazioni in cui vi sia un chiaro bisogno sociale da soddisfare, che rafforza il senso di necessità esterna (outer requiredness) della chiamata, ed anche il bisogno di specifiche competenze personali, che a sua volta promuove il senso di necessità interiore (inner requiredness). Il settore umanitario presenta entrambe queste caratteristiche e i dati raccolti hanno confermato che gli operatori e le operatrici umanitari/e vivono fortemente il lavoro come chiamata. Inoltre, tutte le dimensioni della chiamata utilizzate in questo studio (passione, identità, scopo, sacrificio, pervasività, pro-sociliatà e chiamata trascendente - misurate dall'UMCS_28, oltre al dovere morale) sono rilevanti in tutte le culture. I risultati ottenuti nello studio hanno anche confermato che il costrutto di chiamata varia qualitativamente tra i vari settori: nel campo umanitario, la dimensione della pro-socialità si è confermata più forte all’interno del costrutto rispetto alle altre dimensioni. Dal punto di vista interculturale, la chiamata è risultata negativamente correlata alla weirdness (acronimo indicante i Paesi occidentali, con alti livelli di istruzione, industrializzati, ricchi, democratici - Western, Educated, Industralised, Rich, Democratic - WEIRD) del Paese/cultura degli intervistati. Ciò deriva principalmente dal fatto che gli operatori e le operatrici umanitari/e dei Paesi WEIRD presentano valori elevati per le dimensioni della chiamata legate al senso di necessità interiore (come la passione, l'identità, lo scopo), ma hanno valori relativamente più bassi per le dimensioni più legate al senso di necessità esterna, come il dovere morale e la chiamata trascendente. I partecipanti provenienti da Paesi meno WEIRD (che, nel presente studio, corrispondono a culture più collettivistiche e a società con una maggiore tolleranza per l'ineguale distribuzione del potere) presentano invece valori elevati per entrambe le dimensioni della richiesta interna ed esterna, risultando complessivamente in una chiamata più forte.
Work as a Calling in the Humanitarian Sector. Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences
CAPOLUONGO, FRANCESCA
2023/2024
Abstract
This cross-cultural study (238 respondents from 44 countries) explores the concept of Work as a Calling addressing the question of generalisability across occupational and cultural boundaries, with a focus on a specific work domain: the humanitarian sector. The research provided evidence to support the idea that callings are stronger in situations in which there is both a clear societal need to be filled, which reinforces the sense of outer requiredness of the calling, and a need for distinct skills, which in turns foster the sense of inner requiredness. The humanitarian sector presents both these characteristics and the data collected confirmed that humanitarian workers strongly live work as a calling. Furthermore, all dimensions of calling utilised in this study (passion,identity, purpose, sacrifice, pervasiveness, moral duty and transcendent summons - as measured by the UMCS_28, plus moral duty) are relevant across cultures. The results obtained in the study also confirmed that the construct of calling varies qualitatively across sectors: in the humanitarian field, the dimension of pro-sociality was confirmed to bear more relevance in defining the construct in comparison to the other dimensions. Quite importantly from the cross-cultural perspective, calling resulted to be negatively correlated to the weirdness (acronymous indicating Western, Educated, Industralised, Rich, Democratic - WEIRD countries) of the country/culture of the respondents. This mainly resulted from the fact that humanitarian workers in WEIRD countries present high values for the inner-requiredness dimensions of calling (such as passion, identity, purpose), but they have comparatively lower values for dimensions more related to the outer-requiredness pole of the spectrum, such as moral duty and transcendent summons. Participants coming from less-WEIRD countries (which, in the present study, correspond to more collectivistic cultures and societies with higher tolerance for unequal distribution of power) present instead high values for both the inner- and the outer-requiredness dimensions, resulting overall in stronger calling.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66149