Motor learning is defined as the acquisition of new motor skills acquired through repeated interactions with the environment and leading to changes in the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that engaging in unilateral motor practice can also enhance the motor skills of the contralateral, unpracticed hand. This phenomenon, also termed as “contralateral learning transfer” (CLT), is believed to arise from interhemispheric connections through the corpus callosum fibers but this is yet to be determined. The aim of the current study is to verify the transfer of motor learning from the dominant hand to the non-dominant one and investigating whether CLT might be influenced by the level of inter-hemispheric brain connectivity which is assessed by ipsilateral silent period (iSP) measures elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In order to do so, 25 right-handed and healthy subjects have been evaluated through a modified version of the Nine-Hole Peg Test (mNHPT) and a basal assessment with TMS. Subsequently, their behavioral (velocity and precision of the motor task) and physiological (iSP) indices were analyzed. The results showed improvements in the non-dominant hand in every participant, predicted by the iSP recordings. Hence, it can be concluded that the neuroanatomical foundations of CLT are to be attributed to trans-callosal connections between brain motor structures. These findings not only ampliated the knowledge on motor learning but can have impactful consequences in the clinical field paving the way for new rehabilitation treatments.
L’apprendimento motorio è definito come l’acquisizione di nuove abilità motorie risultanti da interazioni ripetute con l’ambiente e che portano a cambiamenti nel sistema nervoso centrale. Studi recenti hanno dimostrato che una pratica motoria unilaterale può anche migliorare le abilità motorie della mano contralaterale, non praticata. Questo fenomeno, anche definito come “trasferimento dell’apprendimento contralaterale” (CLT), si ritiene che derivi dalle connessioni interemisferiche attraverso le fibre del corpo calloso, ma questo deve ancora essere determinato. L’obiettivo dello studio attuale è verificare il trasferimento dell’apprendimento motorio dalla mano dominante a quella non dominante e indagare se il CLT possa essere influenzato dal livello di connettività cerebrale interemisferica valutato mediante misure del periodo silenzioso ipsilaterale (iSP) elicitate tramite stimolazione magnetica transcranica (TMS). Per fare ciò, 25 soggetti destrimani e sani sono stati valutati attraverso una versione modificata del Nine-Hole Peg Test (mNHPT) e una valutazione basale con TMS. Successivamente, sono stati analizzati indici comportamentali (velocità e precisione del compito motorio) e fisiologici (iSP). I risultati hanno mostrato miglioramenti nella mano non dominante in ogni partecipante, previsti dalle registrazioni iSP. Pertanto, si può concludere che le basi neuroanatomiche del CLT sono da attribuire alle connessioni tras-callosali tra le strutture motorie cerebrali. Queste scoperte non solo hanno ampliato la conoscenza sull’apprendimento motorio, ma possono avere conseguenze significative nel campo clinico aprendo la strada a nuovi trattamenti riabilitativi.
Neuroanatomical and functional substrates underlying contralateral transfer of motor learning
PASI, BRIGITTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Motor learning is defined as the acquisition of new motor skills acquired through repeated interactions with the environment and leading to changes in the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that engaging in unilateral motor practice can also enhance the motor skills of the contralateral, unpracticed hand. This phenomenon, also termed as “contralateral learning transfer” (CLT), is believed to arise from interhemispheric connections through the corpus callosum fibers but this is yet to be determined. The aim of the current study is to verify the transfer of motor learning from the dominant hand to the non-dominant one and investigating whether CLT might be influenced by the level of inter-hemispheric brain connectivity which is assessed by ipsilateral silent period (iSP) measures elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In order to do so, 25 right-handed and healthy subjects have been evaluated through a modified version of the Nine-Hole Peg Test (mNHPT) and a basal assessment with TMS. Subsequently, their behavioral (velocity and precision of the motor task) and physiological (iSP) indices were analyzed. The results showed improvements in the non-dominant hand in every participant, predicted by the iSP recordings. Hence, it can be concluded that the neuroanatomical foundations of CLT are to be attributed to trans-callosal connections between brain motor structures. These findings not only ampliated the knowledge on motor learning but can have impactful consequences in the clinical field paving the way for new rehabilitation treatments.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66268