Background: hydroxyurea is an essential and life-saving drug for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). Its use in clinical practice is still limited, in spite of its efficacy and safety having been demonstrated and its use being recommended in international and national guidelines. Aims: the aims of this study are: to evaluate the use of hydroxyurea in clinical practice in terms of prescription frequency, indications for therapy, formulations used, and prescribed dose; to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyurea in the short, medium, and long term, both on hematological parameters and clinical events; to document the main short- and mid-term toxicities. Methods: the study involved patients with SCD who were referred to the reference center for SCD in Veneto Region (‘Centro di Riferimento della Regione Veneto per la Diagnosi e Cura della Malattia Drepanocitica in Età Pediatrica’), included in the study ‘Studio di Storia Naturale della Malattia Drepanocitica’ and therefore registered in the ‘Drepanocitosi’ database (Sickle Cell Disease Dbase). The study involves 237 patients with SCD, of whom 165 underwent hydroxyurea therapy. Anamnestic, clinical and haematological data used for the analysis were extracted from the ‘Drepanocitosi’ database. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses (using Wilcoxon test and T-test) were performed; P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The number of patients who started hydroxyurea has increased in the past years. The average prescribed dose is relatively low (about 20 mg/kg/day), although it remains stable during the years of follow-up. Hydroxyurea has demonstrated its efficacy in improving short-term hematological parameters, while in the medium and long term, a worsening of anemia and hemolysis indices was observed. A statistically significant reduction in hospitalizations for acute events and VOC in the short term was observed, while no reduction in hospitalizations for ACS was detected. A very limited number of short- and medium-term adverse events were reported. Conclusions: despite the increase in hydroxyurea prescriptions in recent years, the dose currently used in our Center is still relatively low, and reaching higher doses would be desirable to maximize the drug's effectiveness on clinical and hematological parameters. Concurrently, further patient education and information measures, especially in adolescence, are likely necessary to promote therapy adherence. Additionally, further studies with longer observation periods are needed to evaluate the potential toxicity of hydroxyurea after long-term treatment.
Introduzione: l’idrossiurea rappresenta un farmaco salvavita essenziale per il trattamento della malattia drepanocitica (SCD). Nonostante la sua efficacia e sicurezza siano state dimostrate da numerosi studi e la sua prescrizione sia raccomandata dalle linee guida internazionali e nazionali, il suo utilizzo nella pratica clinica è tutt’ora limitato. Obiettivi: gli obiettivi di questo studio sono: analizzare l’utilizzo dell’idrossiurea nella pratica clinica, in termini di frequenza di prescrizione, indicazioni alla terapia, formulazione utilizzata e dose prescritta; valutare l’efficacia dell’idrossiurea a breve, medio e lungo termine, sia sui parametri ematologici che sugli eventi clinici; documentare le principali tossicità a breve e medio termine. Materiali e metodi: lo studio ha coinvolto i pazienti con diagnosi di SCD afferenti al Centro di Riferimento della Regione Veneto per la Diagnosi e Cura della Malattia Drepanocitica in Età Pediatrica inclusi nello Studio di Storia Naturale della Malattia Drepanocitica e registrati pertanto nel database Drepanocitosi (Sickle Cell Disease Dbase). Sono stati coinvolti in totale 237 pazienti con SCD, di cui 165 hanno effettuato terapia con idrossiurea. Dal database Drepanocitosi sono stati estrapolati i dati anamnestici, clinici e di laboratorio necessari alla valutazione degli obiettivi. Sono state effettuate analisi statistiche descrittive e analisi di confronto (tramite test di Wilcoxon e T-test); sono stati considerati statisticamente significativi P-values < 0,05. Risultati: lo studio ha riscontrato un aumento nel tempo del numero di pazienti che hanno iniziato la terapia con idrossiurea. La dose media prescritta è relativamente bassa (circa 20 mg/kg/die), seppur mantenuta stabile durante gli anni di follow-up. L’idrossiurea si è dimostrata efficace nel migliorare i parametri ematologici a breve termine, mentre a medio e lungo termine si osserva un peggioramento dell’anemia e degli indici di emolisi. Si è riscontrata una riduzione statisticamente significativa dei ricoveri per eventi acuti e per VOC a breve termine, mentre non si è osservata una riduzione dei ricoveri per ACS. È stato documentato un numero molto limitato di eventi avversi a breve e medio termine. Conclusioni: nonostante l’aumento delle prescrizioni di idrossiurea negli ultimi anni, le dosi attualmente utilizzate nel nostro Centro sono ancora relativamente basse e sarebbe auspicabile il raggiungimento di dosi più elevate per massimizzare l’efficacia del farmaco sui parametri clinici ed ematologici. Parallelamente, è probabilmente necessario mettere in atto ulteriori misure di educazione e formazione dei pazienti, soprattutto in età adolescenziale, al fine di favorire l’aderenza alla terapia. Sono inoltre necessari ulteriori studi, con periodi di osservazione di maggiore durata, per valutare l’eventuale tossicità dell’idrossiurea in seguito ad esposizioni prolungate.
L'idrossiurea nel bambino con drepanocitosi: uso, efficacia e tossicità
IORI, MARIA CATERINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: hydroxyurea is an essential and life-saving drug for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). Its use in clinical practice is still limited, in spite of its efficacy and safety having been demonstrated and its use being recommended in international and national guidelines. Aims: the aims of this study are: to evaluate the use of hydroxyurea in clinical practice in terms of prescription frequency, indications for therapy, formulations used, and prescribed dose; to evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyurea in the short, medium, and long term, both on hematological parameters and clinical events; to document the main short- and mid-term toxicities. Methods: the study involved patients with SCD who were referred to the reference center for SCD in Veneto Region (‘Centro di Riferimento della Regione Veneto per la Diagnosi e Cura della Malattia Drepanocitica in Età Pediatrica’), included in the study ‘Studio di Storia Naturale della Malattia Drepanocitica’ and therefore registered in the ‘Drepanocitosi’ database (Sickle Cell Disease Dbase). The study involves 237 patients with SCD, of whom 165 underwent hydroxyurea therapy. Anamnestic, clinical and haematological data used for the analysis were extracted from the ‘Drepanocitosi’ database. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses (using Wilcoxon test and T-test) were performed; P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The number of patients who started hydroxyurea has increased in the past years. The average prescribed dose is relatively low (about 20 mg/kg/day), although it remains stable during the years of follow-up. Hydroxyurea has demonstrated its efficacy in improving short-term hematological parameters, while in the medium and long term, a worsening of anemia and hemolysis indices was observed. A statistically significant reduction in hospitalizations for acute events and VOC in the short term was observed, while no reduction in hospitalizations for ACS was detected. A very limited number of short- and medium-term adverse events were reported. Conclusions: despite the increase in hydroxyurea prescriptions in recent years, the dose currently used in our Center is still relatively low, and reaching higher doses would be desirable to maximize the drug's effectiveness on clinical and hematological parameters. Concurrently, further patient education and information measures, especially in adolescence, are likely necessary to promote therapy adherence. Additionally, further studies with longer observation periods are needed to evaluate the potential toxicity of hydroxyurea after long-term treatment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66984