This thesis aims to provide a formal overview of glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy which if left untreated can cause a decrease in the visual field, even leading to blindness. Through a review of the scientific literature, the main types of glaucoma are exposed and the differences that distinguish them are highlighted. The role of intraocular pressure in this pathology and how its control is significant in avoiding glaucoma degeneration are then examined. In the second place, the main therapeutic approaches currently adopted in the medical field are examined. The treatment used preferentially is represented by pharmacological therapy. In cases where this therapy does not lead to the desired effects, the other possible treatments that can be adopted are laser surgery and actual surgical operation. As concerns laser treatment, the aim is to correct the natural outflow pathways of the aqueous humour, while real surgery is aimed at creating new outflow channels in the subconjunctival space, that is the space below the conjunctiva which is the outermost part of the eyeball. In the final part, through the analysis of a scientific study, the main laws of fluid dynamics are applied to obtain the measurements of a stent used in glaucoma surgery. This thesis wants to make people understand the importance of early diagnosis of glaucoma, a disease that currently causes blindness for 7 million people.
Questa tesi ha come obiettivo quello di fornire una panoramica formale sul glaucoma, una neuropatia ottica progressiva che se non trattata può provocare una diminuzione del campo visivo, portando addirittura alla cecità. Tramite una revisione della letteratura scientifica vengono esposte le principali tipologie di glaucoma e vengono messe in luce le differenze che le contraddistinguono. Viene poi esaminato il ruolo della pressione intraoculare in questa patologia e di come il suo controllo sia significativo per evitare una degenerazione del glaucoma. In secondo luogo, vengono esaminati i principali approcci terapeutici che attualmente vengono adottati in ambito medico. Il trattamento utilizzato preferenzialmente è rappresentato della terapia farmacologica. Nei casi in cui questa terapia non portasse agli effetti sperati, gli altri possibili trattamenti adottabili sono la chirurgia laser o l’intervento chirurgico vero e proprio. Per quanto riguarda il trattamento laser lo scopo è quello di andare a correggere le vie di deflusso naturali dell’umor acqueo, mentre la chirurgia vera e propria è finalizzata a creare nuove vie di deflusso nello spazio sottocongiuntivale, ovvero al di sotto della membrana che riveste la superfice esterna del bulbo oculare. Nella parte conclusiva, tramite l’analisi di uno studio scientifico, vengono applicate le principali leggi della fluidodinamica per ricavare le misure di uno stent utilizzato nella chirurgia per il glaucoma. Per mezzo di questa tesi si vuole far comprendere l’importanza della diagnosi precoce del glaucoma, una malattia che ad oggi costituisce la causa di cecità per 7 milioni di persone.
Cause e trattamenti del glaucoma: aspetti di interesse biomedicale
CUCCOLO, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis aims to provide a formal overview of glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy which if left untreated can cause a decrease in the visual field, even leading to blindness. Through a review of the scientific literature, the main types of glaucoma are exposed and the differences that distinguish them are highlighted. The role of intraocular pressure in this pathology and how its control is significant in avoiding glaucoma degeneration are then examined. In the second place, the main therapeutic approaches currently adopted in the medical field are examined. The treatment used preferentially is represented by pharmacological therapy. In cases where this therapy does not lead to the desired effects, the other possible treatments that can be adopted are laser surgery and actual surgical operation. As concerns laser treatment, the aim is to correct the natural outflow pathways of the aqueous humour, while real surgery is aimed at creating new outflow channels in the subconjunctival space, that is the space below the conjunctiva which is the outermost part of the eyeball. In the final part, through the analysis of a scientific study, the main laws of fluid dynamics are applied to obtain the measurements of a stent used in glaucoma surgery. This thesis wants to make people understand the importance of early diagnosis of glaucoma, a disease that currently causes blindness for 7 million people.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67363