Nanotechnology involves the design and construction of structures on a nanometric scale. This technology has applications in a variety of productive sectors, but it is of particular importance in the biomedical field. Even though living organisms consist of cells with an average diameter of 10 microns, the dimensions of their different cellular components are usually submicron and nanometric. By using this dimensional comparison, we can gain an understanding of the potential benefits of the use of nanoparticles in medicine. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the role of nanotechnology in the transportation of drugs, providing a classification of the biomaterials used for their production, based on shape, size, and intrinsic characteristics. Furthermore, concepts of “targeting” and “encapsulation” will be defined, and applications of nanodevices for controlled and targeted drug release in modern medicine will be discussed. Particularly, the main objective of this presentation will be to provide an overview of the major advances of this technology in anticancer treatment.
La nanotecnologia si occupa della progettazione e realizzazione di strutture su scala nanometrica. Questa tecnologia trova applicazione in numerosi settori produttivi ed è particolarmente promettente nel settore biomedico. Gli organismi viventi, infatti, sono composti da cellule che hanno mediamente diametro dell’ordine dei 10 micron: tuttavia le dimensioni delle varie componenti cellulari sono submicroniche e nanometriche. Questo confronto dimensionale fornisce un’idea delle potenzialità derivanti dall’utilizzo delle nanoparticelle nel settore medico. Scopo di questa tesi è illustrare il ruolo delle nanotecnologie nel trasporto di farmaci, fornendo una classificazione dei biomateriali usati per la loro produzione, in base a forma, dimensione e caratteristiche intrinseche. Vengono inoltre definiti i concetti di “targeting” e “incapsulamento” e analizzate le applicazioni dei nanodispositivi per il rilascio controllato e mirato di farmaci nella medicina moderna; in particolare si intende esporre i principali progressi di questa tecnologia nella terapia antitumorale.
Biomateriali e nanomedicina: l’impiego delle nanoparticelle nel rilascio controllato di farmaci
BIBA, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Nanotechnology involves the design and construction of structures on a nanometric scale. This technology has applications in a variety of productive sectors, but it is of particular importance in the biomedical field. Even though living organisms consist of cells with an average diameter of 10 microns, the dimensions of their different cellular components are usually submicron and nanometric. By using this dimensional comparison, we can gain an understanding of the potential benefits of the use of nanoparticles in medicine. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the role of nanotechnology in the transportation of drugs, providing a classification of the biomaterials used for their production, based on shape, size, and intrinsic characteristics. Furthermore, concepts of “targeting” and “encapsulation” will be defined, and applications of nanodevices for controlled and targeted drug release in modern medicine will be discussed. Particularly, the main objective of this presentation will be to provide an overview of the major advances of this technology in anticancer treatment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67415