Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are among the most commonly diagnosed congenital diseases in newborns. They are caused by the presence of structural defects in the heart and/or major vessels, with particular involvement of the heart valves: in this case, they are referred to as valvular heart diseases (VHDs). Generally, surgical repair or replacement of a severely damaged valve is strongly recommended within the first year of the patient's life to improve survival prospects. Currently, the prostheses used for such procedures are either mechanical or biological. Mechanical prostheses offer excellent functional characteristics and long durability but require lifelong anticoagulant medication. On the other hand, biological prostheses have a low risk of thrombosis but tend to degrade over time, resulting in reduced durability. To overcome the limitations of current prostheses, research has turned to tissue engineering techniques to develop engineered heart valves, known as TEHVs (Tissue Engineered Heart Valves). This thesis will examine the three main components of tissue engineering: the scaffold, which consists of a decellularized matrix of an animal valve or a natural or synthetic polymer matrix; the cell source, which is seeded onto the three-dimensional matrix to ensure the formation of new valvular tissue; and the biochemical factors, including growth and adhesion factors, that stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation. In conclusion, the results obtained from various clinical trials in which different types of TEHVs have been tested on pediatric patients will be examined.
Le cardiopatie congenite (CHD) sono tra le malattie congenite più comunemente diagnosticate nei neonati. Esse sono causate dalla presenza di difetti strutturali nel cuore e/o nei grandi vasi, con particolare interessamento delle valvole cardiache: in questo caso si parla di valvulopatie (VHD). In generale, l’intervento chirurgico di riparazione o di sostituzione di una valvola gravemente danneggiata è fortemente consigliato entro l’anno di vita del paziente, per migliorarne le prospettive di sopravvivenza. Attualmente, le protesi utilizzate per questo tipo di intervento sono meccaniche e biologiche. Le protesi meccaniche offrono eccellenti caratteristiche funzionali e una lunga durabilità, ma richiedono l’assunzione di farmaci anticoagulanti a vita. Le protesi biologiche, invece, hanno un basso rischio di trombosi, ma tendono a degradarsi nel tempo: ne risulta una durabilità inferiore. Con l’obiettivo di superare le limitazioni delle protesi attuali, la ricerca si è avvalsa delle tecniche di ingegneria tissutale per realizzare valvole cardiache ingegnerizzate, note come TEHVs (Tissue Engineered Heart Valves). In questa tesina verranno esaminate le tre principali componenti dell’ingegneria tissutale: lo scaffold, costituito da una matrice decellularizzata di una valvola animale o da una matrice polimerica naturale o sintetica; la fonte cellulare, seminata sulla matrice tridimensionale per garantire la formazione del nuovo tessuto valvolare; e i fattori biochimici, tra cui fattori di crescita e di adesione, che stimolano l’adesione e la proliferazione cellulare. In conclusione, saranno esaminati i risultati ottenuti da diversi trial clinici in cui sono state testate tipologie diverse di TEHVs su pazienti pediatrici.
Ingegneria tessutale: nuove prospettive per la cura delle valvulopatie congenite
ZAGO, ELENA
2023/2024
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are among the most commonly diagnosed congenital diseases in newborns. They are caused by the presence of structural defects in the heart and/or major vessels, with particular involvement of the heart valves: in this case, they are referred to as valvular heart diseases (VHDs). Generally, surgical repair or replacement of a severely damaged valve is strongly recommended within the first year of the patient's life to improve survival prospects. Currently, the prostheses used for such procedures are either mechanical or biological. Mechanical prostheses offer excellent functional characteristics and long durability but require lifelong anticoagulant medication. On the other hand, biological prostheses have a low risk of thrombosis but tend to degrade over time, resulting in reduced durability. To overcome the limitations of current prostheses, research has turned to tissue engineering techniques to develop engineered heart valves, known as TEHVs (Tissue Engineered Heart Valves). This thesis will examine the three main components of tissue engineering: the scaffold, which consists of a decellularized matrix of an animal valve or a natural or synthetic polymer matrix; the cell source, which is seeded onto the three-dimensional matrix to ensure the formation of new valvular tissue; and the biochemical factors, including growth and adhesion factors, that stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation. In conclusion, the results obtained from various clinical trials in which different types of TEHVs have been tested on pediatric patients will be examined.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Zago_Elena.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
2.61 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.61 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67441