The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) consists of two pillars: the first finances income supports and market measures, while the second is dedicated to rural development. Since the set-up of the CAP, the latter has grown significantly both financially and strategically, reaching expenditure levels comparable to the former one. Since its origin, rural development policies have been managed in a decentralized manner, granting significant decision-making and management autonomy to regions (Member States and regions). This trend has increased even more with the modification of the governance system, namely the new delivery model introduced in the latest CAP programming cycle (2023-2027). Therefore, it is crucial to understand the possible mechanisms driving European regions to make allocative choices for rural development funds. This study analyses the ex-ante behaviour of Italian regions. The percentage distributions of regional spending for the different types of interventions provided for rural development were used as input variables for cluster analysis, identifying several groups of regions with similar spending characteristics. Subsequently, each cluster was characterized using indicator developed within the common monitoring and evaluation framework (CMEF), the distribution of spending for the previous programming period, and additional variables, to identify the determinants of the regions' allocation decisions. Results suggest that Italian regions can be divided into four clusters, each of them characterized by a specific spending direction. In the first group, which includes regions with low urbanization and high rurality, priority is given to supporting interventions in disadvantaged areas and "environmental" interventions. The second group shows a higher-than-average allocation for cooperation interventions in agriculture, where a surprisingly high female employment in agriculture was observed. The group that primarily finances investment interventions includes regions with more developed urban and industrial fabrics as well as a highly specialized agricultural sector. Finally, a group of regions was identified where no distinct and uniquely characteristic elements were evident compared to the other clusters.
La politica agricola comune (PAC) si compone di due pilastri: il primo finanzia sostegni diretti e misure di mercato mentre il secondo è destinato allo sviluppo rurale. Dalle origini della PAC, quest’ultimo è cresciuto notevolmente in termini finanziari e conseguentemente anche strategici, arrivando ad equiparare la spesa per il primo. Sin dalla loro nascita, le politiche di sviluppo rurale sono state gestite in modo decentrato lasciando notevole autonomia decisionale e gestionale ai territori (Stati Membri e regioni). Questa tendenza si è accresciuta ancor più con la modifica del sistema di governance, ovvero il new delivery model introdotto nell’ultimo ciclo di programmazione della PAC (2023-2027). Diviene pertanto fondamentale comprendere i possibili meccanismi che spingono le regioni europee a compiere le scelte allocative dei fondi per lo sviluppo rurale. Questo studio analizza il comportamento ex-ante delle regioni italiane. La ripartizione percentuale della spesa delle regioni per le diverse tipologie di intervento previste per lo sviluppo rurale è stata sottoposta a cluster analysis individuando alcuni gruppi di regioni che presentano caratteristiche di spesa simili. Successivamente ognuno dei cluster è stato caratterizzato sfruttando gli indici sviluppati in seno al quadro comune di monitoraggio e valutazione (QCMV), la ripartizione della spesa per la programmazione precedente ed ulteriori variabili, al fine di individuare le determinati dell’allocazione compiuta dalle regioni. I risultati suggeriscono che le regioni italiane possono essere ripartite in quattro cluster, ognuno caratterizzato da una direttrice di spesa ben precisa. Nel primo gruppo, che comprende regioni a ridotta urbanizzazione ed elevata ruralità, si finanziano prioritariamente interventi di sostegno a zone svantaggiate e interventi di carattere “ambientale”. Il secondo mostra una dotazione maggiore della media per interventi di cooperazione in agricoltura e qui si è rilevata un’occupazione femminile in agricoltura sorprendentemente alta. Il gruppo che finanzia prioritariamente interventi di investimento include invece le regioni con tessuto urbano ed industriale più sviluppato oltre che un settore agricolo altamente specializzato. È stato, infine, individuato un gruppo di regioni in cui non si evincono elementi caratterizzanti e univocamente distintivi rispetto agli altri cluster.
Allocazione della spesa per interventi di sviluppo rurale nella PAC 2023-2027: le scelte delle regioni Italiane
MINUZZO, TOBIA
2023/2024
Abstract
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) consists of two pillars: the first finances income supports and market measures, while the second is dedicated to rural development. Since the set-up of the CAP, the latter has grown significantly both financially and strategically, reaching expenditure levels comparable to the former one. Since its origin, rural development policies have been managed in a decentralized manner, granting significant decision-making and management autonomy to regions (Member States and regions). This trend has increased even more with the modification of the governance system, namely the new delivery model introduced in the latest CAP programming cycle (2023-2027). Therefore, it is crucial to understand the possible mechanisms driving European regions to make allocative choices for rural development funds. This study analyses the ex-ante behaviour of Italian regions. The percentage distributions of regional spending for the different types of interventions provided for rural development were used as input variables for cluster analysis, identifying several groups of regions with similar spending characteristics. Subsequently, each cluster was characterized using indicator developed within the common monitoring and evaluation framework (CMEF), the distribution of spending for the previous programming period, and additional variables, to identify the determinants of the regions' allocation decisions. Results suggest that Italian regions can be divided into four clusters, each of them characterized by a specific spending direction. In the first group, which includes regions with low urbanization and high rurality, priority is given to supporting interventions in disadvantaged areas and "environmental" interventions. The second group shows a higher-than-average allocation for cooperation interventions in agriculture, where a surprisingly high female employment in agriculture was observed. The group that primarily finances investment interventions includes regions with more developed urban and industrial fabrics as well as a highly specialized agricultural sector. Finally, a group of regions was identified where no distinct and uniquely characteristic elements were evident compared to the other clusters.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67483