The right to education is one of the fundamental pillars of modern societies, recognized both as a social right, as it imposes on public power the duty to guarantee access to an adequate school system for all, and as a right of freedom, which recognizes everyone's ability to have their own beliefs and critical thinking, preventing, as happened in the past, totalitarian indoctrination. Even today, unfortunately, there are examples of violations of this right as an instrument of control and oppression. An emblematic case is represented by the Taliban regimes, which impose an absolute ban on study for women, thus limiting their possibilities for individual development and participation in social and economic life. In this thesis we will explore the right to education in three different contexts, the international one, the Italian one and, in particular, attention will be paid to the situation of refugee and unaccompanied minors in Italy and in some European countries, such as Greece.The first chapter will be dedicated to the analysis of international legislation relating to the right to education. Through the analysis of treaties, conventions and declarations adopted at a global level, we will try to outline the fundamental principles that underlie this universal right, as well as the responsibility of States in guaranteeing its effective enjoyment by all citizens. In the second chapter the gaze will turn towards European and Italian jurisdiction and towards Italian legislation regarding the right to education. Through a detailed examination of national laws and some sentences of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice, we will try to understand how this right is implemented in the Italian context, as well as the challenges and critical issues that still persist in guaranteeing effective access for all citizens. Finally, the third chapter will delve into the situation of refugee and unaccompanied minors in Italy and Europe, focusing in particular on countries with particularly critical situations, such as Greece and Ukraine. In a context characterized by growing migratory flows and humanitarian emergencies, the right to education presents itself as a particularly complex challenge, since it is not only a question of material access to schools, but also of social and cultural integration. Through the study of concrete cases and the analysis of public policies, I will try to understand the challenges and good practices to ensure that even the most vulnerable minors can enjoy this fundamental right. I considered it important to discuss this topic because, in the social situation in which the world finds itself today, I recognize the importance of non-discriminatory and quality education, in order to allow everyone to aspire to their own social elevation and to be able to contribute to the progress of society as a whole.
Il diritto all’istruzione è uno dei pilastri fondamentali delle società moderne, riconosciuto sia come un diritto sociale, in quanto impone al potere pubblico il dovere di garantire l’accesso a tutti ad un sistema scolastico adeguato, sia come un diritto di libertà, che riconosce a ciascuno la possibilità di avere le proprie convinzioni e il proprio pensiero critico, impedendo, come successo in passato, l’indottrinamento di stampo totalitario. Ancora oggi, purtroppo, esistono esempi di violazioni di questo diritto come strumento di controllo e oppressione. Un caso emblematico è rappresentato dai regimi talebani, i quali impongono un divieto assoluto allo studio per le donne, limitando così le loro possibilità di sviluppo individuale e di partecipazione alla vita sociale ed economica. In questa tesi esploreremo il diritto all’istruzione in tre diversi contesti, quello internazionale, quello italiano e, in particolare, l’attenzione sarà rivolta alla situazione dei minori rifugiati e non accompagnati in Italia e in alcuni paesi europei, come Grecia e Ucraina. Il primo capitolo sarà dedicato all’analisi della normativa internazionale relativa al diritto all’istruzione. Tramite l’analisi di trattati, convenzioni e dichiarazioni adottate a livello globale, si cercherà di delineare i principi fondamentali che sottendono questo diritto universale, come anche la responsabilità degli Stati nel garantirne l’effettiva fruizione da parte di tutti i cittadini. Nel secondo capitolo lo sguardo volgerà verso la giurisdizione europea ed italiana e verso la normativa italiana in materia di diritto all’istruzione. Attraverso un esame dettagliato delle leggi nazionali e di alcune sentenze della Corte Costituzionale e della Corte di Giustizia europea, si cercherà di comprendere come questo diritto sia concretizzato nel contesto italiano, nonché le sfide e le criticità che ancora persistono nel garantirne l’effettivo accesso per tutti i cittadini. Infine, il terzo capitolo, approfondirà la situazione dei minori rifugiati e non accompagnati in Italia e in Europa, focalizzandosi in particolare su paesi con situazioni particolarmente critiche, come la Grecia. In un contesto caratterizzato da flussi migratori crescenti ed emergenze umanitarie, il diritto all’istruzione si presenta come una sfida particolarmente complessa, poiché non si tratta solo di questioni di accesso materiale alle scuole, ma anche di integrazione sociale e culturale. Attraverso lo studio di casi concreti e l’analisi delle politiche pubbliche, cercherò di comprendere le sfide e le buone pratiche per assicurare che anche i minori più vulnerabili possano godere di questo diritto fondamentale. Ho ritenuto importante trattare questo argomento in quanto, nella situazione sociale in cui versa il mondo oggi, riconosco l’importanza di un’educazione non discriminatoria e di qualità, al fine di permettere a tutti di aspirare ad una propria elevazione sociale e di poter contribuire al progresso della società nel suo insieme.
Educazione senza confini: il diritto all'istruzione dei minori rifugiati in Italia e in Grecia
CAPPELLESSO, ELEONORA
2023/2024
Abstract
The right to education is one of the fundamental pillars of modern societies, recognized both as a social right, as it imposes on public power the duty to guarantee access to an adequate school system for all, and as a right of freedom, which recognizes everyone's ability to have their own beliefs and critical thinking, preventing, as happened in the past, totalitarian indoctrination. Even today, unfortunately, there are examples of violations of this right as an instrument of control and oppression. An emblematic case is represented by the Taliban regimes, which impose an absolute ban on study for women, thus limiting their possibilities for individual development and participation in social and economic life. In this thesis we will explore the right to education in three different contexts, the international one, the Italian one and, in particular, attention will be paid to the situation of refugee and unaccompanied minors in Italy and in some European countries, such as Greece.The first chapter will be dedicated to the analysis of international legislation relating to the right to education. Through the analysis of treaties, conventions and declarations adopted at a global level, we will try to outline the fundamental principles that underlie this universal right, as well as the responsibility of States in guaranteeing its effective enjoyment by all citizens. In the second chapter the gaze will turn towards European and Italian jurisdiction and towards Italian legislation regarding the right to education. Through a detailed examination of national laws and some sentences of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice, we will try to understand how this right is implemented in the Italian context, as well as the challenges and critical issues that still persist in guaranteeing effective access for all citizens. Finally, the third chapter will delve into the situation of refugee and unaccompanied minors in Italy and Europe, focusing in particular on countries with particularly critical situations, such as Greece and Ukraine. In a context characterized by growing migratory flows and humanitarian emergencies, the right to education presents itself as a particularly complex challenge, since it is not only a question of material access to schools, but also of social and cultural integration. Through the study of concrete cases and the analysis of public policies, I will try to understand the challenges and good practices to ensure that even the most vulnerable minors can enjoy this fundamental right. I considered it important to discuss this topic because, in the social situation in which the world finds itself today, I recognize the importance of non-discriminatory and quality education, in order to allow everyone to aspire to their own social elevation and to be able to contribute to the progress of society as a whole.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67651