Neoplastic Disorders in Nonhuman Primates

The occurrence of neoplasia in nonhuman primates is a relatively new area of study, hindered by a lack of research and data. However, the similarities between nonhuman primates and humans provide a foundation for understanding the factors that contribute to tumorigenesis in these animals. Despite the limited knowledge, several contributing factors have been identified in various species, including genetic predispositions, ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, and viruses. The frequency of reported neoplasms varies across different organ systems, with some showing a higher likelihood of tumor development. While this variation may be attributed to underreporting of certain neoplasms, it is also possible that there are genuine differences in tumor incidence between species. Despite the striking similarities between human and nonhuman primate neoplasms, a notable knowledge gap persists in the clinical management of spontaneous and experimentally induced neoplasms in nonhuman primates. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning given the close similarities between human and nonhuman primate neoplasms. However, a logical conclusion can be drawn that diagnostic and therapeutic approaches developed for humans and domestic animals can be adapted for use in nonhuman primates. The study of neoplasia in nonhuman primates provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and to compare these with human cancer development. In addition, the observation of neoplasms in nonhuman primates can expand the understanding of the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors on cancer risk. Overall, while more research is needed to fully understand the occurrence and causes of neoplasia in nonhuman primates, the existing evidence provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors that contribute to tumorigenesis in these animals. By studying neoplasia in nonhuman primates, it provides at the same time a better understanding of the biology of cancer and potentially identify new targets for cancer prevention and treatment. Several articles and methods were evaluated, and the literature reviewed.