Recently, a veterinary drug called Zenalpha® has been introduced to the market for the sedation of dogs. It contains medetomidine (0.5 mg/ml) and vatinoxan (10 mg/ml), a peripheral antagonist of alpha-2 agonist sedatives. Vatinoxan is intended to mitigate the cardiovascular effects induced by medetomidine but may influence the plasma concentrations of other associated drugs, such as opioids. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects and variations in plasma concentrations of methadone when combined with medetomidine or medetomidine-vatinoxan (Zenalpha®) in 16 dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy. The animals included in this randomized prospective study were divided into two groups and premedicated intramuscularly with methadone (0.2 mg/kg) combined with either medetomidine (0.15 mg/m²) or Zenalpha® (0.15 mg/m²). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. The clinical effects evaluated included sedative, cardiorespiratory, and analgesic effects. Sedative effects were assessed at 5 minutes (T5), 10 minutes (T10), and 15 minutes (T15) post-premedication. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, non-invasive blood pressure, exhaled carbon dioxide) and the amount of inhalant anesthetic required to maintain an adequate anesthetic plane during surgery were recorded at specific timepoints: TOdx = right ovarian pedicle stretch; TOsx = left ovarian pedicle stretch; T90 = 90 minutes post-premedication; Tsut = skin suture. Postoperative analgesia quality was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale – short form at 1 hour post-extubation and 240 minutes post-premedication (T240). Blood samples were taken at 15 (T15), 90 (T90), and 240 (T240) minutes post-premedication to measure plasma methadone concentration. The dose of propofol and plasma concentration of methadone were compared between the two groups using the Student's t-test, and a linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of time and group on the clinical variables considered. No clinically relevant differences in clinical parameters were observed between the two groups. Adequate sedation levels were achieved, allowing for IV catheter placement in all animals at T15. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were noted for systolic blood pressure, which was lower in the Z group, and for exhaled isoflurane concentration, which was higher in the M group at TOsx. Heart rate significantly decreased in both groups, with an overall median (range) of 68 (42-100) bpm. MAP remained above 70 mmHg, with averages of 88 ± 14 and 94 ± 16 mmHg in the M and Z groups, respectively. A significant difference in methadone concentrations at T90 was observed between the two groups (17.2 ± 3.4 ng/ml in the M group vs. 13.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml in the Z group; p = 0.024). Postoperative pain was adequately controlled in both groups. The results of this study suggest that intramuscular premedication with Zenalpha® and methadone could be an alternative to using medetomidine alone with methadone in dogs undergoing ovariectomy under inhalant anesthesia. Although vatinoxan co-administration with medetomidine and methadone may cause a decrease in the plasma concentration of this opioid, the combination appears to allow for the rapid achievement of good sedation, cardiovascular stability, and adequate analgesia.
Recentemente è stato introdotto sul mercato Zenalpha® un farmaco veterinario per la sedazione del cane, contenente medetomidina (0,5 mg/ml) e vatinoxan (10 mg/ml), un antagonista periferico dei sedativi alpha-2 agonisti. Il vatinoxan dovrebbe mitigare gli effetti cardiovascolari indotti dalla medetomidina ma potrebbe influenzare le concentrazioni plasmatiche di altri farmaci associati, come gli oppioidi. L’obiettivo di questo studio è di valutare gli effetti clinici e le variazioni nelle concentrazioni plasmatiche di metadone associato a medetomidina o medetomidina-vatinoxan (Zenalpha®) in 16 cani sottoposti ad ovariectomia elettiva. Gli animali arruolati in questo studio prospettico randomizzato sono stati suddivisi in due gruppi e premedicati per via intramuscolare con metadone (0,2 mg/kg) associato a medetomidina (0,15 mg/m2) o con Zenalpha® (0,15 mg/m2). L’anestesia è stata indotta con propofol e mantenuta con isofluorano. Tra gli effetti clinici, sono stati valutatati gli effetti sedativi, quelli cardiorespiratori e analgesici. Gli effetti sedativi sono stati valutati a 5 minuti (T5), 10 minuti (T10) 15 minuti (T15) dopo la premedicazione. I parametri cardiorespiratori (frequenza cardiaca, respiratoria, pressione arteriosa non invasiva, anidride carbonica espirata) e la quantità di anestetico gassoso necessaria per garantire un piano anestesiologico adeguato durante la chirurgia sono stati registrati a specifici timepoint: TOdx = stiramento del peduncolo ovarico di destra; TOsx = stiramento del peduncolo ovarico di sinistra; T90 = 90 minuti dopo la premedicazione; Tsut = sutura della cute. La qualità dell’analgesia postoperatoria è stata effettuata tramite la Glasow Composite Pain Scale – short form a 1 ora post estubazione e 240 minuti dopo la premedicazione (T240). Sono stati eseguiti prelievi ematici a 15 (T15), 90 (T90) e 240 (T240) minuti dalla somministrazione della premedicazione, per misurare la concentrazione plasmatica di metadone. La dose di propofol e la concentrazione plasmatica di metadone sono state confrontate tra i due gruppi con il t-test di Student ed è stato utilizzato un modello lineare misto per analizzare l'effetto del tempo e del gruppo sulle variabili cliniche considerate. Non sono emerse differenze clinicamente rilevanti nei parametri clinici tra i due gruppi. È stato raggiunto un adeguato livello di sedazione, che ha consentito l’inserimento del catetere EV in tutti gli animali a T15. Sono emerse differenze statisticamente significative tra i due gruppi per la pressione arteriosa sistolica, che è risultata inferiore nel gruppo Z, e per la concentrazione dell’isofluorano espirato, che è risultato essere più elevato nel gruppo M a TOsx. La frequenza cardiaca è diminuita significativamente in entrambi i gruppi, con una mediana complessiva (intervallo) di 68 (42-100) bpm. La MAP è rimasta sopra i 70 mmHg, la media era 88 ± 14 e 94 ± 16 mmHg rispettivamente nel gruppo M e Z. Per le concentrazioni del metadone, è emersa una differenza significativa solo per T90 tra i due gruppi (17,2 ± 3,4 ng/ml nel gruppo M vs 13,2 ± 3,0 nel gruppo Z; p = 0,024). Il dolore post-operatorio è stato adeguatamente controllato in entrambi i gruppi. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono che la premedicazione intramuscolare di Zenalpha® e metadone potrebbe rappresentare un’alternativa all’uso della sola medetomidina con il metadone in cani sottoposti a ovariectomia, in anestesia gassosa. Sebbene la somministrazione del vatinoxan in combinazione con medetomidina e metadone possa causare una diminuzione nella concentrazione plasmatica di questo oppioide, tale combinazione sembra permettere il rapido raggiungimento di un buon livello di sedazione, una buona stabilità cardiovascolare ed un’analgesia adeguata.
Medetomidina o medetomidina-vatinoxan associata a metadone in cani sottoposti a ovariectomia: confronto degli effetti clinici e delle concentrazioni plasmatiche di metadone
DUSSIN, BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
Recently, a veterinary drug called Zenalpha® has been introduced to the market for the sedation of dogs. It contains medetomidine (0.5 mg/ml) and vatinoxan (10 mg/ml), a peripheral antagonist of alpha-2 agonist sedatives. Vatinoxan is intended to mitigate the cardiovascular effects induced by medetomidine but may influence the plasma concentrations of other associated drugs, such as opioids. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects and variations in plasma concentrations of methadone when combined with medetomidine or medetomidine-vatinoxan (Zenalpha®) in 16 dogs undergoing elective ovariectomy. The animals included in this randomized prospective study were divided into two groups and premedicated intramuscularly with methadone (0.2 mg/kg) combined with either medetomidine (0.15 mg/m²) or Zenalpha® (0.15 mg/m²). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. The clinical effects evaluated included sedative, cardiorespiratory, and analgesic effects. Sedative effects were assessed at 5 minutes (T5), 10 minutes (T10), and 15 minutes (T15) post-premedication. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, non-invasive blood pressure, exhaled carbon dioxide) and the amount of inhalant anesthetic required to maintain an adequate anesthetic plane during surgery were recorded at specific timepoints: TOdx = right ovarian pedicle stretch; TOsx = left ovarian pedicle stretch; T90 = 90 minutes post-premedication; Tsut = skin suture. Postoperative analgesia quality was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale – short form at 1 hour post-extubation and 240 minutes post-premedication (T240). Blood samples were taken at 15 (T15), 90 (T90), and 240 (T240) minutes post-premedication to measure plasma methadone concentration. The dose of propofol and plasma concentration of methadone were compared between the two groups using the Student's t-test, and a linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of time and group on the clinical variables considered. No clinically relevant differences in clinical parameters were observed between the two groups. Adequate sedation levels were achieved, allowing for IV catheter placement in all animals at T15. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were noted for systolic blood pressure, which was lower in the Z group, and for exhaled isoflurane concentration, which was higher in the M group at TOsx. Heart rate significantly decreased in both groups, with an overall median (range) of 68 (42-100) bpm. MAP remained above 70 mmHg, with averages of 88 ± 14 and 94 ± 16 mmHg in the M and Z groups, respectively. A significant difference in methadone concentrations at T90 was observed between the two groups (17.2 ± 3.4 ng/ml in the M group vs. 13.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml in the Z group; p = 0.024). Postoperative pain was adequately controlled in both groups. The results of this study suggest that intramuscular premedication with Zenalpha® and methadone could be an alternative to using medetomidine alone with methadone in dogs undergoing ovariectomy under inhalant anesthesia. Although vatinoxan co-administration with medetomidine and methadone may cause a decrease in the plasma concentration of this opioid, the combination appears to allow for the rapid achievement of good sedation, cardiovascular stability, and adequate analgesia.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Medetomidina o medetomidina-vatinoxan associata a metadone in cani sottoposti a ovariectomia confronto degli effetti clinici e delle concentrazioni plasmatiche di metadone.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.75 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.75 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/68115