The archaeological site in Bibione di San Michele al Tagliamento, Italy, has been subject to excavations and reconnaissance since the discovery of its first artifacts in 1760. Periodic excavations conducted by Bertolini in 1903 and Cassi in 1932 provided initial insights into the site's history, with further exploration carried out by the Superintendency of Padua in 1991. The site reveals evidence of two distinct phases of construction: the first phase dating back to the end of the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, characterized by carefully constructed limestone walls with gray cement and large foundations, and a second phase dating to the 4th-5th century AD, featuring less precise walls made of limestone fragments and brick mulch. In August 1991 and 1994, the Archaeological Superintendency for the Veneto conducted excavations near the sandy relief known as "Mutteron dei Frati" in Bibione di San Michele al Tagliamento, focusing on classical period coastal settlements in the area. These excavations unearthed a significant Roman maritime villa, showcasing two distinct sectors: an older eastern sector characterized by narrow elongated rooms and perimeter walls, and a later western sector constructed with reused materials. Further excavation campaigns have been conducted since 2022, revealing additional parts of the buildings and providing new insights into the site's history and architectural features. Samples collected during these excavations in 2022, 2023, and 2024 are the subject of ongoing study and analysis, contributing to a deeper understanding of the site's significance in Roman-era coastal settlements. This dissertation undertakes an archaeometric evaluation of wall mortars from the Villa Bibione. The analysis of mortar samples employed a methodological approach progressing from general to specific, utilizing techniques such as colorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), petrographic analysis by using optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition to the analysis, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to establish the chronological framework and significance of the studied constructions and the city itself. This contextual understanding enriches the interpretation of the analysis results within the unique historical and archaeological contexts of the site. The overarching goal of the study is to gain insights into the composition, manufacturing methods, and chemical processes involved in mortar production, contributing to a deeper understanding of ancient construction practices and materials.
Il sito archeologico a Bibione di San Michele al Tagliamento, Italia, è stato oggetto di scavi e ricognizioni sin dalla scoperta dei primi reperti nel 1760. Gli scavi periodici condotti da Bertolini nel 1903 e da Cassi nel 1932 hanno fornito le prime intuizioni sulla storia del sito, con ulteriori esplorazioni condotte dalla Soprintendenza di Padova nel 1991. Il sito rivela evidenze di due distinti fasi di costruzione: la prima fase risalente alla fine del I secolo a.C. al I secolo d.C., caratterizzata da muri di pietra calcarea accuratamente costruiti con cemento grigio e ampi fondamenti, e una seconda fase risalente al IV-V secolo d.C., con muri meno precisi composti da frammenti di pietra calcarea e detriti di mattoni. Nell'agosto 1991 e 1994, la Soprintendenza Archeologica per il Veneto ha condotto scavi vicino al rilievo sabbioso noto come "Mutteron dei Frati" a Bibione di San Michele al Tagliamento, concentrandosi sui insediamenti costieri del periodo classico della zona. Questi scavi hanno portato alla luce una significativa villa marittima romana, mostrando due settori distinti: un settore orientale più antico caratterizzato da stanze strette ed allungate e muri perimetrali, e un settore occidentale successivo costruito con materiali riutilizzati. Ulteriori campagne di scavo sono state condotte dal 2022, rivelando parti aggiuntive degli edifici e fornendo nuove intuizioni sulla storia e le caratteristiche architettoniche del sito. I campioni raccolti durante questi scavi nel 2022, 2023 e 2024 sono oggetto di studio e analisi in corso, contribuendo ad una comprensione più approfondita della significatività del sito negli insediamenti costieri dell'era romana. Questa tesi si propone di condurre una valutazione archeometrica dei malte murarie della Villa Bibione. L'analisi dei campioni di malta ha impiegato un approccio metodologico che procedeva dal generale al specifico, utilizzando tecniche quali la colorimetria, la diffrattometria a raggi X (XRPD), l'analisi petrografica mediante microscopia ottica (OM) e la microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM). Oltre all'analisi, è stata condotta una revisione bibliografica completa per stabilire il quadro cronologico e la significatività delle costruzioni studiate e della città stessa. Questa comprensione contestuale arricchisce l'interpretazione dei risultati dell'analisi all'interno dei contesti storici e archeologici unici del sito. L'obiettivo principale dello studio è di ottenere intuizioni sulla composizione, i metodi di produzione e i processi chimici coinvolti nella produzione delle malte, contribuendo ad una comprensione più approfondita delle pratiche e dei materiali di costruzione antichi.
Archaeometric study of mortars from the Roman Villa of Mutteron dei Frati, Bibione, Italy
SOKOLOVA, EKATERINA
2023/2024
Abstract
The archaeological site in Bibione di San Michele al Tagliamento, Italy, has been subject to excavations and reconnaissance since the discovery of its first artifacts in 1760. Periodic excavations conducted by Bertolini in 1903 and Cassi in 1932 provided initial insights into the site's history, with further exploration carried out by the Superintendency of Padua in 1991. The site reveals evidence of two distinct phases of construction: the first phase dating back to the end of the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, characterized by carefully constructed limestone walls with gray cement and large foundations, and a second phase dating to the 4th-5th century AD, featuring less precise walls made of limestone fragments and brick mulch. In August 1991 and 1994, the Archaeological Superintendency for the Veneto conducted excavations near the sandy relief known as "Mutteron dei Frati" in Bibione di San Michele al Tagliamento, focusing on classical period coastal settlements in the area. These excavations unearthed a significant Roman maritime villa, showcasing two distinct sectors: an older eastern sector characterized by narrow elongated rooms and perimeter walls, and a later western sector constructed with reused materials. Further excavation campaigns have been conducted since 2022, revealing additional parts of the buildings and providing new insights into the site's history and architectural features. Samples collected during these excavations in 2022, 2023, and 2024 are the subject of ongoing study and analysis, contributing to a deeper understanding of the site's significance in Roman-era coastal settlements. This dissertation undertakes an archaeometric evaluation of wall mortars from the Villa Bibione. The analysis of mortar samples employed a methodological approach progressing from general to specific, utilizing techniques such as colorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), petrographic analysis by using optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition to the analysis, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to establish the chronological framework and significance of the studied constructions and the city itself. This contextual understanding enriches the interpretation of the analysis results within the unique historical and archaeological contexts of the site. The overarching goal of the study is to gain insights into the composition, manufacturing methods, and chemical processes involved in mortar production, contributing to a deeper understanding of ancient construction practices and materials.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/68432