The Gender of the health care personnel is an aspect that gender medicine had probably not considered evaluating and valuing. In the care setting, four health care-patient dyads are referred to, which are different in communication styles, reception, observance of guidelines, caregiving methods, and illness experience. Health professionals' cognitive biases about gender may undermine the development of diverse approaches and lead to the occurrence of adverse events in health care. Background and Objectives. Most research on the impact of systematic errors of judgement has focused on the diagnostic and communicative decision-making process by physicians. Healthcare professions in the care, rehabilitation and technical areas are the largest part of the workforce and make decisions that influence patient health outcomes. However, the literature often overlooks the potential impact of bias on these decisions and next caretaking. Specifically, we explore whether there is a correlation between gender and the feeling of error in healthcare: whether there are differences attributable to gender bias in healthcare professionals' feelings of error for same-sex (homogeneous) versus different-sex (heterogeneous) healthcare-patient dyads. Materials and methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted, analysing 2825 adverse event report cards collected at the University of Padua Hospital from 01/01/2023 to 31/12/2023. The associations and the frequency of reporting for each of the four dyads were verified by analysing the personal details declared by the healthcare professional and, in the case of an anonymous form, by searching, by reading the report card, for references to at least two grammatical elements (adjectives, pronouns, participles) concurrent in gender for the reporting healthcare professional and two grammatical elements concurrent in gender for the patient. This aspect was helped by the presence of two grammatical genders in the Italian language. Results. The study shows a greater sensitivity towards error reporting for female health care, compared to male, with a gender-concordant dyad that slightly exceeds the heterogeneous dyad while health care professionals fill out fewer reporting forms with a greater gap in the gender-concordant dyad reporting form than in the heterogeneous dyad. Conclusions. From the analysis of the report cards, it appears that there are differences attributable to gender but, for future research, it would also be important to consider other factors that could influence the perception of error, such as age, professional experience, education and organisational culture. Knowledge of gender in healthcare might help to promote training and information actions for greater awareness and sensitivity within healthcare facilities.
Introduzione. Il genere del personale sanitario rappresenta un aspetto che, probabilmente, la medicina di genere non aveva considerato di valutare e valorizzare. Nel setting della cura si fa riferimento a quattro diadi sanitario-paziente che si diversificano per stili comunicativi, di accoglienza, aderenza alle linee guida, modalità di presa in carico, vissuto della malattia. I pregiudizi cognitivi dei professionisti sanitari riguardo il genere possono compromettere lo sviluppo di approcci diversificati e portare all’instaurarsi eventi avversi nell’assistenza sanitaria. Sfondo e Obiettivi. La maggior parte delle ricerche sull’impatto degli errori sistematici di giudizio si è concentrata sul processo decisionale diagnostico e comunicativo da parte dei medici. Le professioni sanitarie delle aree assistenziale, riabilitativa e tecnica, sono la componente più numerosa della forza lavoro e prendono numerose decisioni che influenzano i risultati di salute dei pazienti. Tuttavia, la letteratura spesso trascura il potenziale impatto dei bias su queste decisioni e sulle successive prese in carico. Nello specifico si esplora la presenza di correlazione tra il genere e la percezione dell’errore in ambito sanitario: se nella percezione dell’errore da parte del professionista sanitario, vi siano differenze imputabili al bias di genere diversificate per le diadi sanitario-paziente del medesimo sesso (omogenee), rispetto a quelle di sesso diverso (eterogenee). Materiali e metodi. È stato eseguito uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo, analizzando 2825 schede di segnalazione degli eventi avversi raccolte in Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova dal 01/01/2023 al 31/12/2023. Sono state verificate le associazioni e la frequenza di segnalazione per ciascuna delle quattro diadi, analizzando le generalità anagrafiche dichiarate dal/dalla professionista sanitario/a e, in caso di scheda anonima, ricercando, attraverso la lettura della scheda di segnalazione, i riferimenti ad almeno due elementi grammaticali (aggettivi, pronomi, participi) concordi nel genere per il sanitario segnalante e due elementi grammaticali concordi nel genere per il paziente. Questo aspetto è stato facilitato dalla presenza nella lingua italiana di due generi grammaticali. Risultati. La ricerca evidenzia una maggior sensibilità verso la segnalazione dell’errore per le professioniste sanitarie rispetto ai colleghi uomini, con una diade omogenea che supera di poco la diade eterogenea mentre i professionisti sanitari compilano meno schede di segnalazione con un divario maggiore maggiormente nella scheda di segnalazione di diade omogenea rispetto alla eterogenea. Conclusioni. Dall’analisi delle schede di segnalazione sembra vi siano delle differenze attribuibili al genere ma, per le future ricerche, sarebbe importante considerare anche altri fattori che potrebbero influenzare la percezione dell'errore, come l'età, l'esperienza professionale, la formazione e la cultura organizzativa. La conoscenza delle dinamiche di genere nell'ambito sanitario potrebbe contribuire a promuovere azioni formative e informative per una maggiore consapevolezza e sensibilità all'interno delle strutture sanitarie.
Il ruolo del bias di genere nella segnalazione degli errori in sanità
GALVAN, SABRINA
2023/2024
Abstract
The Gender of the health care personnel is an aspect that gender medicine had probably not considered evaluating and valuing. In the care setting, four health care-patient dyads are referred to, which are different in communication styles, reception, observance of guidelines, caregiving methods, and illness experience. Health professionals' cognitive biases about gender may undermine the development of diverse approaches and lead to the occurrence of adverse events in health care. Background and Objectives. Most research on the impact of systematic errors of judgement has focused on the diagnostic and communicative decision-making process by physicians. Healthcare professions in the care, rehabilitation and technical areas are the largest part of the workforce and make decisions that influence patient health outcomes. However, the literature often overlooks the potential impact of bias on these decisions and next caretaking. Specifically, we explore whether there is a correlation between gender and the feeling of error in healthcare: whether there are differences attributable to gender bias in healthcare professionals' feelings of error for same-sex (homogeneous) versus different-sex (heterogeneous) healthcare-patient dyads. Materials and methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted, analysing 2825 adverse event report cards collected at the University of Padua Hospital from 01/01/2023 to 31/12/2023. The associations and the frequency of reporting for each of the four dyads were verified by analysing the personal details declared by the healthcare professional and, in the case of an anonymous form, by searching, by reading the report card, for references to at least two grammatical elements (adjectives, pronouns, participles) concurrent in gender for the reporting healthcare professional and two grammatical elements concurrent in gender for the patient. This aspect was helped by the presence of two grammatical genders in the Italian language. Results. The study shows a greater sensitivity towards error reporting for female health care, compared to male, with a gender-concordant dyad that slightly exceeds the heterogeneous dyad while health care professionals fill out fewer reporting forms with a greater gap in the gender-concordant dyad reporting form than in the heterogeneous dyad. Conclusions. From the analysis of the report cards, it appears that there are differences attributable to gender but, for future research, it would also be important to consider other factors that could influence the perception of error, such as age, professional experience, education and organisational culture. Knowledge of gender in healthcare might help to promote training and information actions for greater awareness and sensitivity within healthcare facilities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/69066