As has also happened in other fields of application, the use of new computer tools in architecture and engineering has not only speeded up and facilitated many operations that previously required laborious and time-consuming calculations, but has in certain respects contributed to transforming design processes themselves. It is this aspect that this research intends to investigate in its theoretical and historical articulations and then arrive at an applied study. The analysis of the geometry of surfaces constitutes a kind of methodological premise in this path, which guarantees a critical knowledge of computer tools and their applications and consequently their correct and effective use. The other aspect that was then analysed was the evolution of optimisation in the field of engineering, which had a significant impact especially with the advent of the computer in the 20th century. This technology, in fact, revolutionised engineering analysis, allowing the conversion of complex systems of differential equations into algebraic problems that could be solved using computers. Optimisation, understood as the search for an ‘optimum’ or solution that maximises benefits and minimises costs, has thus become a common practice in engineering as well as in numerous aspects of everyday life. As has been observed, the need to optimise paths, resources and processes is intrinsically linked to human behaviour, manifesting itself in conscious or unconscious choices of continuous improvement. At this point, an attempt was made to show how the shift from traditional drawing to parametric design represents a paradigm shift in architectural design. The use of advanced software, such as Grasshopper for Rhinoceros, has opened up new possibilities, allowing complex modelling and accurate analysis prior to the physical realisation of structures. This approach has facilitated the experimentation and adoption of innovative solutions that would otherwise have been difficult to realise using traditional methods. As a final outcome of this research, an attempt was made to apply the theoretical observations developed thus far to a specific case, which allows the effectiveness of the new design strategies to be verified. In this sense, the Toshiba IHI Pavilion, designed by Kisho Kurokawa for Expo ‘70 in Japan, represents a significant case study. This pavilion, an emblem of the Metabolist movement, anticipated many modern sustainable architecture practices. Its modular design and use of recyclable materials made possible an architecture that could be adapted and transformed over time. Analysing this case through contemporary tools allows us to explore new ways of optimisation and better understand the impact of digital technologies on design, as will be seen in Chapter 6.
Come è avvenuto anche in altri campi applicativi, l’utilizzo dei nuovi strumenti informatici nell’architettura e nell’ingegneria non solo ha velocizzato e facilitato molte operazioni che precedentemente richiedevano calcoli faticosi e molto tempo, ma ha per certi aspetti contribuito a trasformare proprio i processi progettuali. È questo l’aspetto che la presente ricerca intende indagare nelle sue articolazioni teoriche e storiche per poi giungere a uno studio applicativo. L’analisi della geometria delle superfici costituisce in questo percorso una specie di premessa metodologica, che garantisce una conoscenza critica degli strumenti informatici e delle loro applicazioni e di conseguenza un loro utilizzo corretto ed efficace. L’altro aspetto che è stato poi preso in analisi è l'evoluzione dell'ottimizzazione nel campo dell'ingegneria, che ha avuto un impatto significativo specialmente con l'avvento del computer nel XX secolo. Questa tecnologia, infatti, ha rivoluzionato l'analisi ingegneristica, permettendo la conversione di complessi sistemi di equazioni differenziali in problemi algebrici risolvibili attraverso calcolatori. L'ottimizzazione, intesa come la ricerca di un "ottimo" o di una soluzione che massimizzi i benefici e minimizzi i costi, è diventata così una pratica comune nell'ingegneria come anche in numerosi aspetti della vita quotidiana. Come è stato osservato, la necessità di ottimizzare percorsi, risorse e processi è intrinsecamente legata al comportamento umano, manifestandosi in scelte consapevoli o inconsapevoli di miglioramento continuo. A questo punto si è cercato di mostrare come il passaggio dal disegno tradizionale al design parametrico rappresenti un cambio di paradigma nella progettazione architettonica. L'uso di software avanzati, come Grasshopper per Rhinoceros, ha aperto nuove possibilità, permettendo una modellazione complessa e un'analisi accurata prima della realizzazione fisica delle strutture. Questo approccio ha facilitato la sperimentazione e l'adozione di soluzioni innovative, che altrimenti sarebbero state difficili da realizzare con metodi tradizionali. riflettendo meglio la complessità dei problemi reali. Come esito conclusivo di questa ricerca si è cercato di applicare le osservazioni teoriche fin qui sviluppate a un caso preciso, che permetta di verificare l’efficacia delle nuove strategie progettuali. In questo senso il Toshiba IHI Pavilion, progettato da Kisho Kurokawa per l'Expo '70 in Giappone, rappresenta un caso studio significativo. Questo padiglione, un emblema del movimento Metabolista, ha anticipato molte delle pratiche di architettura sostenibile moderne. La sua progettazione modulare e l'utilizzo di materiali riciclabili hanno reso possibile un'architettura adattabile e trasformabile nel tempo. L'analisi di questo caso attraverso strumenti contemporanei permette di esplorare nuove modalità di ottimizzazione e di comprendere meglio l'impatto delle tecnologie digitali sulla progettazione, come si vedrà nel capitolo 6.
Ottimizzazione tramite algoritmi genetici nel design parametrico. Lo studio del Toshiba IHI Pavilion di Kishō Kurokawa
ZAGO, LEONARDO
2023/2024
Abstract
As has also happened in other fields of application, the use of new computer tools in architecture and engineering has not only speeded up and facilitated many operations that previously required laborious and time-consuming calculations, but has in certain respects contributed to transforming design processes themselves. It is this aspect that this research intends to investigate in its theoretical and historical articulations and then arrive at an applied study. The analysis of the geometry of surfaces constitutes a kind of methodological premise in this path, which guarantees a critical knowledge of computer tools and their applications and consequently their correct and effective use. The other aspect that was then analysed was the evolution of optimisation in the field of engineering, which had a significant impact especially with the advent of the computer in the 20th century. This technology, in fact, revolutionised engineering analysis, allowing the conversion of complex systems of differential equations into algebraic problems that could be solved using computers. Optimisation, understood as the search for an ‘optimum’ or solution that maximises benefits and minimises costs, has thus become a common practice in engineering as well as in numerous aspects of everyday life. As has been observed, the need to optimise paths, resources and processes is intrinsically linked to human behaviour, manifesting itself in conscious or unconscious choices of continuous improvement. At this point, an attempt was made to show how the shift from traditional drawing to parametric design represents a paradigm shift in architectural design. The use of advanced software, such as Grasshopper for Rhinoceros, has opened up new possibilities, allowing complex modelling and accurate analysis prior to the physical realisation of structures. This approach has facilitated the experimentation and adoption of innovative solutions that would otherwise have been difficult to realise using traditional methods. As a final outcome of this research, an attempt was made to apply the theoretical observations developed thus far to a specific case, which allows the effectiveness of the new design strategies to be verified. In this sense, the Toshiba IHI Pavilion, designed by Kisho Kurokawa for Expo ‘70 in Japan, represents a significant case study. This pavilion, an emblem of the Metabolist movement, anticipated many modern sustainable architecture practices. Its modular design and use of recyclable materials made possible an architecture that could be adapted and transformed over time. Analysing this case through contemporary tools allows us to explore new ways of optimisation and better understand the impact of digital technologies on design, as will be seen in Chapter 6.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/69481