Responsibility in environmental matters allows to repair ecological damages to the extent of what is materially possible, as well as to attribute to the polluter the financial burden of the pollution. Objective responsibility makes it easier to engage such obligation to repair in the case of dangerous activities. Both International and European law establish regimes of civil objective responsibility in environmental matters, whereas such a rule does not exist with regard to States. States have a general obligation to prevent ecological damage which, coupled with the system of responsibility for international wrongful acts, establishes a quite comprehensive obligation to repair. However, some gaps of responsibility persist, especially with regard to international areas. The transposition to States of a regime of objective responsibility inspired by those existing for private persons could fill these gaps.
La responsabilité en matière environnementale permet de réparer le dommage écologique dans la mesure de ce qui est matériellement possible, ainsi que d’attribuer au pollueur la charge économique de la pollution. La responsabilité objective permet de faciliter l’engagement de l’obligation de réparation dans le cas des activités dangereuses. Les droits international et européen connaissent certains régimes de responsabilité objective des personnes privées en matière environnementale, alors qu’une telle règle n’est pas prévue dans le cas des Etats. Ceux-ci sont tenus à une obligation générale de prévention du dommage écologique laquelle, combinée avec la règle de responsabilité pour fait internationalement illicite, produit une obligation de réparation assez vaste. Néanmoins, certaines lacunes de responsabilité persistent, notamment à l’égard des espaces internationaux. La transposition aux Etats d’un régime de responsabilité objective sur le modèle de ceux prévus pour les personnes privées pourrait combler ces lacunes. Data di discussione della tesi: 24/06/2024 Relatrice dell’Università estera: Niki Aloupi
Responsabilité objective en matière environnementale en droit international et européen
LEVARLET, NOÉMIE
2023/2024
Abstract
Responsibility in environmental matters allows to repair ecological damages to the extent of what is materially possible, as well as to attribute to the polluter the financial burden of the pollution. Objective responsibility makes it easier to engage such obligation to repair in the case of dangerous activities. Both International and European law establish regimes of civil objective responsibility in environmental matters, whereas such a rule does not exist with regard to States. States have a general obligation to prevent ecological damage which, coupled with the system of responsibility for international wrongful acts, establishes a quite comprehensive obligation to repair. However, some gaps of responsibility persist, especially with regard to international areas. The transposition to States of a regime of objective responsibility inspired by those existing for private persons could fill these gaps.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Mémoire Noemie Levarlet.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/69546