What is the Impact of Social Networking Sites Exposure on the Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Subsequent Desire for Cosmetic Surgery?

The prevalence of Social Networking Sites (SNS) has significantly influenced individuals' perceptions of self and body image, often leading to mental health concerns such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is characterized by obsessive focus on perceived physical flaws, which can lead to significant emotional distress and impair daily functioning. This thesis explores the connection between SNS exposure and the development of BDD, examining how constant exposure to idealized beauty standards on social media exacerbates BDD symptoms and increases the desire for cosmetic surgery. Chapter 1 delves into the definition, clinical features, and psychological aspects of BDD, highlighting its classification within the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder. The chapter also discusses cognitive-behavioral and neurobiological models of BDD, which explain how individuals with BDD develop distorted self-perceptions and engage in repetitive behaviors to manage their distress. Chapter 2 reviews empirical studies linking SNS use to intensified BDD symptoms, identifying mechanisms such as social comparison and internalization of beauty ideals. The chapter outlines how passive SNS use, characterized by browsing and comparison, leads to greater body dissatisfaction and negative self-perception. Chapter 3 examines the rise in cosmetic surgery trends, noting that a substantial proportion of individuals with BDD seek surgical solutions for their perceived flaws. Despite the high prevalence of cosmetic surgery among BDD sufferers, these interventions often do not alleviate symptoms and can sometimes worsen the condition. This thesis underscores the critical need for increased awareness of the detrimental impact of SNS on body image and mental health. It calls for further research to develop effective interventions and preventive strategies to mitigate the negative effects of social media on individuals' psychological well-being and reduce the incidence of BDD and unnecessary cosmetic procedures.