The paper focuses on analysing the evolutionary path of film history. It aims to demonstrate the contribution of Precinema tools to the development of cinema and to highlight cinema's achievement as an artistic form. The quest for the representation of movement and reality has always fascinated humans, who throughout history have experimented with various artistic techniques and devices to capture the complexity of the surrounding world, moving ever closer to representing tangible reality. Each discovery has brought humanity closer to the creation of the cinematograph, considered not only as a technical tool capable of reproducing the factual reality around us but also as an expressive and aesthetic medium that can transcend the tangible reality and what is visible to the naked eye. Cinema thus emerges as an evolution of many attempts and experiments that have shaped it into what we know today. The first part of the paper adopts a historical-technical approach to examine the artistic forms and optical instruments that led to the development of the cinematograph as a technical medium, including the main ones: shadow theatre, Mondo Nuovo, and the Magic Lantern. This section will also assess the social impact of various artistic forms, from the social significance of shadow theatre for the Java community to the reactions of audiences at the early Lumière film screenings. The second part employs an aesthetic approach to analyse how cinema came to be considered "the seventh art." It starts by examining how Precinema creations contributed to the development of cinematic language as an expressive and artistic medium, eventually leading to the definition of cinema as an autonomous art form. This philosophical approach aims to explore the aesthetic and ontological implications of the cinematic medium. Various philosophical theories concerning the nature of cinema are investigated, beginning with Ricciotto Canudo's theories, then moving to the reflections of Walter Benjamin, André Bazin, and finally Gilles Deleuze.
L'elaborato si focalizza sull' analisi del percorso evolutivo della storia del cinema, volto da un lato a dimostrare il contributo dato dagli strumenti del Precinema nello sviluppo del cinematografo e dall’altro a evidenziare il conseguimento del cinema come forma artistica. La ricerca della rappresentazione del movimento e della realtà, ha sempre interessato l'essere umano, che nel corso della storia dei tempi, ha sperimentato diverse tecniche artistiche e dispositivi volti a catturare la complessità del mondo circostante, avvicinandosi sempre più alla rappresentazione della realtà tangibile. Ogni scoperta ha avvicinato l’umanità alla creazione del cinematografo, considerato non esclusivamente come uno strumento tecnico, capace di riprodurre la realtà fattuale che ci circonda, ma anche in quanto mezzo espressivo ed estetico, capace di andare oltre alla realtà fattuale, al di là di ciò che si può vedere con i propri occhi. Il cinema emerge quindi come un’evoluzione di molti tentativi e sperimentazioni che lo hanno reso tale come lo conosciamo oggi. La prima parte dell’elaborato adotta un approccio storico-tecnico per esaminare le forme artistiche e gli strumenti ottici che hanno portato allo sviluppo del cinematografo come mezzo tecnico, tra cui i principali: teatro delle ombre, Mondo Nuovo e Lanterna Magica. In questa parte verrà anche valutato l’impatto sociale delle varie forme artistiche: dall’importanza sociale del teatro delle ombre per la comunità di Java, fino alle reazioni del pubblico dei primi spettacoli cinematografici dei Lumière. La seconda parte impiega un approccio estetico per analizzare come il cinema sia giunto a essere considerato “la settima arte”. A partire da come le creazioni del Precinema hanno contribuito allo sviluppo del linguaggio cinematografico come mezzo espressivo e artistico, fino a giungere alla definizione di cinema come una forma d’arte autonoma. Questo approccio filosofico mira a esplorare le implicazioni estetiche e ontologiche del mezzo cinematografico. Vengono investigate diverse teorie filosofiche per quanto concerne la natura del cinema, affrontando nella prima parte le teorie di Ricciotto Canudo, per poi passare alle riflessioni di Walter Benjamin, André Bazin e infine Gilles Deleuze.
Il Cinema come forma d'arte: storia ed estetica del percorso evolutivo dal Precinema al Cinema delle origini
COLOMBO, IRIS ANGELA
2023/2024
Abstract
The paper focuses on analysing the evolutionary path of film history. It aims to demonstrate the contribution of Precinema tools to the development of cinema and to highlight cinema's achievement as an artistic form. The quest for the representation of movement and reality has always fascinated humans, who throughout history have experimented with various artistic techniques and devices to capture the complexity of the surrounding world, moving ever closer to representing tangible reality. Each discovery has brought humanity closer to the creation of the cinematograph, considered not only as a technical tool capable of reproducing the factual reality around us but also as an expressive and aesthetic medium that can transcend the tangible reality and what is visible to the naked eye. Cinema thus emerges as an evolution of many attempts and experiments that have shaped it into what we know today. The first part of the paper adopts a historical-technical approach to examine the artistic forms and optical instruments that led to the development of the cinematograph as a technical medium, including the main ones: shadow theatre, Mondo Nuovo, and the Magic Lantern. This section will also assess the social impact of various artistic forms, from the social significance of shadow theatre for the Java community to the reactions of audiences at the early Lumière film screenings. The second part employs an aesthetic approach to analyse how cinema came to be considered "the seventh art." It starts by examining how Precinema creations contributed to the development of cinematic language as an expressive and artistic medium, eventually leading to the definition of cinema as an autonomous art form. This philosophical approach aims to explore the aesthetic and ontological implications of the cinematic medium. Various philosophical theories concerning the nature of cinema are investigated, beginning with Ricciotto Canudo's theories, then moving to the reflections of Walter Benjamin, André Bazin, and finally Gilles Deleuze.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70176