The present work takes as a starting point the contextualization of Heraclitus’s life and works within the wider historical-cultural and philosophical horizon of ancient Greece, comparing two hermeneutical perspectives: (a) that of the Aristotelian tradition, which defines the Presocratics as natural philosophers; (b) a less widespread view, that sees in them the acme of ancient philosophical thought, whose main exponent is Giorgio Colli. The work is based on an exegesis of the Heraclitus’ fragments, that leads to the identification and the explanation of the fundamental nodes of the Heraclitus’ philosophy. The aim is to show how the latter resolves into a metaphysics of the One, whose essential character is the “non-duality”. The following topics will be discussed: (1) the knowledge of logos, the universal and divine law, as an adherence to the hidden and separate, and therefore transcendent, truth; (2) the xunos and the doctrine of cosmic flow, transmitted through the famous aphorism, which does not actually appear in Heraclitus’ fragments, «panta rei», as an explanation of the impermanence of phenomena, (3) the «pur aeizoon», as the cosmic principle, the sensible image of the ascending spirit, that burns all definiteness; (4) the polemos as the law of existence, that is, as the law of the appearance of the multiplicity of phenomena; (5) the superiority of the invisible over the visible as acknowledgement of a inexpressible divine interiority in which the truth of being lies; (6) the coincidentia oppositorum, that is the supreme identity achieved through the overcoming of duality.
Il lavoro assume come punto di partenza la contestualizzazione della vita e dell’opera di Eraclito nel più vasto orizzonte storico-culturale e filosofico dell’antica Grecia, mettendo a confronto due prospettive ermeneutiche: (a) quella della tradizione aristotelica, che definisce i presocratici filosofi naturalisti; (b) una prospettiva meno diffusa che vede in essi l’acme del pensiero filosofico antico, della quale il massimo esponente è Giorgio Colli. Il lavoro ha alla propria base l’esegesi dei frammenti eraclitei che porta all’individuazione e all’esplicazione dei nodi fondamentali della filosofia di Eraclito. Lo scopo è quello di mostrare come quest'ultima si risolva in una metafisica dell’Uno, il cui carattere essenziale è la “non-dualità”. I temi trattati sono i seguenti: (1) la conoscenza del logos, legge universale e divina, come adesione alla verità nascosta e separata, e dunque trascendente; (2) lo xunos e la dottrina del flusso cosmico, trasmessa attraverso il celebre aforisma, che non compare in realtà fra i frammenti di Eraclito, «panta rei», in quanto spiegazione dell’impermanenza dei fenomeni; (3) il «pur aeizoon» come principio cosmico, immagine sensibile dello spirito che ascende, bruciando ogni determinatezza; (4) il polemos come legge dell’esistenza, ovvero come legge dell’apparenza della molteplicità dei fenomeni; (5) la superiorità dell’invisibile sul visibile come riconoscimento di un’interiorità divina inesprimibile in cui risiede la verità dell’essere; (6) la coincidentia oppositorum, ovvero l’identità suprema raggiunta tramite il superamento della dualità.
La sapienza greca e il pensiero di Eraclito: uno studio sul carattere non duale del rapporto fra principio e realtà
GALLO, BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
The present work takes as a starting point the contextualization of Heraclitus’s life and works within the wider historical-cultural and philosophical horizon of ancient Greece, comparing two hermeneutical perspectives: (a) that of the Aristotelian tradition, which defines the Presocratics as natural philosophers; (b) a less widespread view, that sees in them the acme of ancient philosophical thought, whose main exponent is Giorgio Colli. The work is based on an exegesis of the Heraclitus’ fragments, that leads to the identification and the explanation of the fundamental nodes of the Heraclitus’ philosophy. The aim is to show how the latter resolves into a metaphysics of the One, whose essential character is the “non-duality”. The following topics will be discussed: (1) the knowledge of logos, the universal and divine law, as an adherence to the hidden and separate, and therefore transcendent, truth; (2) the xunos and the doctrine of cosmic flow, transmitted through the famous aphorism, which does not actually appear in Heraclitus’ fragments, «panta rei», as an explanation of the impermanence of phenomena, (3) the «pur aeizoon», as the cosmic principle, the sensible image of the ascending spirit, that burns all definiteness; (4) the polemos as the law of existence, that is, as the law of the appearance of the multiplicity of phenomena; (5) the superiority of the invisible over the visible as acknowledgement of a inexpressible divine interiority in which the truth of being lies; (6) the coincidentia oppositorum, that is the supreme identity achieved through the overcoming of duality.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70194