Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a disease caused by a Feline coronavirus (FCoV) and represents an important cause of cat mortality. In the majority of cases, the FCoV infection does not cause any disease other than mild enteric forms but, because of virus mutations inside the host, the virus can gain the ability to replicate and spread at a systemic level, causing a pathology that has a typically fatal outcome. However, in this form, infectivity is considered absent or extremely reduced. Recently, though, some evidence has emerged of the presence of highly virulent strains characterized by high transmissibility. The study described in this thesis aims to validate a laboratory method for the identification and quantification of the FIP virus and its application in the diagnosis of infection in an outbreak potentially caused by one of these strains. The study began with the titration of the virus in different organs to preliminarily evaluate its tissue distribution and therefore its relevance. Thereafter, the infection status of other cats sharing the same environment was also assessed. The obtained results, which will be integrated in the future with epidemiologic data, represent a fundamental starting point for the implementation of an early monitoring and diagnostic approach, and to contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis and spread of this pathology in Italy.
La peritonite infettiva felina (FIP) è una malattia causata da un Feline coronavirus (FCoV), e rappresenta una causa importante di mortalità nel gatto. Nella maggior parte dei casi l’infezione da FCoV non causa alcuna malattia se non blande forme enteriche, ma può succedere che, a causa di mutazioni del virus nell'ospite, acquisisca la capacità di replicare e diffondere a livello sistemico, determinando una patologia dall’esito tipicamente fatale. Tuttavia, in questa forma, l’infettività è considerata assente o estremamente ridotta. Recentemente sono però emerse alcune evidenze della presenza dei ceppi ad alta virulenza caratterizzati da elevata trasmissibilità. Lo studio descritto nella tesi ha come scopo la validazione di una metodica di laboratorio per l'identificazione e quantificazione del virus della FIP e la sua applicazione nella diagnosi di infezione in un outbreak potenzialmente causato da uno di questi ceppi. Lo studio è cominciato con la titolazione del virus in diversi organi per valutarne preliminarmente la distribuzione tissutale e quindi la rilevanza. Successivamente è stata valutata la presenza di infezione in gatti che condividevano lo stesso ambiente. I risultati così ottenuti, che verranno integrati in futuro con dati epidemiologici, rappresentano un punto di partenza fondamentale per l'implementazione di un approccio diagnostico e di monitoraggio precoce, e per contribuire alla conoscenza della patogenesi e diffusione di questa patologia in Italia.
Identificazione virale e analisi della distribuzione tissutale in un grave caso di peritonite infettiva felina
DALLA ZUANNA, THOMAS
2023/2024
Abstract
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a disease caused by a Feline coronavirus (FCoV) and represents an important cause of cat mortality. In the majority of cases, the FCoV infection does not cause any disease other than mild enteric forms but, because of virus mutations inside the host, the virus can gain the ability to replicate and spread at a systemic level, causing a pathology that has a typically fatal outcome. However, in this form, infectivity is considered absent or extremely reduced. Recently, though, some evidence has emerged of the presence of highly virulent strains characterized by high transmissibility. The study described in this thesis aims to validate a laboratory method for the identification and quantification of the FIP virus and its application in the diagnosis of infection in an outbreak potentially caused by one of these strains. The study began with the titration of the virus in different organs to preliminarily evaluate its tissue distribution and therefore its relevance. Thereafter, the infection status of other cats sharing the same environment was also assessed. The obtained results, which will be integrated in the future with epidemiologic data, represent a fundamental starting point for the implementation of an early monitoring and diagnostic approach, and to contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis and spread of this pathology in Italy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70519