Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in tumor progression. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for various types of cancer, and genetically modified macrophages with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-M) are of particular interest for the treatment of solid tumors. This thesis explores the use of CAR-M derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMACs) for the treatment of tumors in murine models. The CAR-Ms were engineered to express a second-generation CAR receptor by tandemly combining the CD3ζ domain, previously used in first-generation CAR-M, with the TIR domain of the macrophage-specific TLR4 receptor. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that these CAR-iMACs exhibit effective antigen-dependent cytotoxicity against tumor cells, promote polarization towards an M1 phenotype, and induce apoptosis in tumor cells; thereby enhancing antitumor activity compared to first-generation CAR-M. The use of CAR-iMACs in combination with anti-CD47 antibodies further enhanced therapeutic efficacy, suggesting a potential synergistic approach in the treatment of solid tumors. Overall, second-generation CAR-M represent a promising strategy to overcome current challenges in immunotherapy against solid tumors.
I macrofagi associati al tumore (TAM) hanno un ruolo chiave nella progressione tumorale. L'immunoterapia è emersa come una promettente opzione di trattamento per svariati tipi di tumore, nella cura dei tumori solidi sono di particolare interesse i macrofagi geneticamente modificati con recettori chimerici specifici per l’antigene tumorale (CAR-M). Questa tesi esplora l'uso dei CAR-M derivati da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (iMACs) per il trattamento dei tumori in modelli murini. I CAR-M sono stati ingegnerizzati per esprimere un recettore CAR di seconda generazione combinando in tandem il dominio CD3ζ, precedentemente usato nei CAR-M di prima generazione, con il dominio TIR del recettore TLR4 specifico dei macrofagi. I risultati in vitro e in vivo dimostrano che questi CAR-iMACs presentano un'efficace citotossicità antigeno-dipendente contro cellule tumorali, promuovono la polarizzazione verso un fenotipo M1 e inducono apoptosi nelle cellule tumorali; migliorando così l'attività antitumorale rispetto ai CAR-M di prima generazione. L'utilizzo di CAR-iMACs combinati con anticorpi anti-CD47 ha ulteriormente potenziato l'efficacia terapeutica, suggerendo un possibile approccio sinergico nel trattamento dei tumori solidi. Complessivamente i CAR-M di seconda generazione rappresentano una strategia promettente per superare le sfide attuali dell'immunoterapia contro i tumori solidi.
Macrofagi CAR di Seconda Generazione: un Approccio Potenziato per l’Immunoterapia dei Tumori Solidi
BOTTICCHIO, IRENE
2023/2024
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in tumor progression. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for various types of cancer, and genetically modified macrophages with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-M) are of particular interest for the treatment of solid tumors. This thesis explores the use of CAR-M derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMACs) for the treatment of tumors in murine models. The CAR-Ms were engineered to express a second-generation CAR receptor by tandemly combining the CD3ζ domain, previously used in first-generation CAR-M, with the TIR domain of the macrophage-specific TLR4 receptor. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that these CAR-iMACs exhibit effective antigen-dependent cytotoxicity against tumor cells, promote polarization towards an M1 phenotype, and induce apoptosis in tumor cells; thereby enhancing antitumor activity compared to first-generation CAR-M. The use of CAR-iMACs in combination with anti-CD47 antibodies further enhanced therapeutic efficacy, suggesting a potential synergistic approach in the treatment of solid tumors. Overall, second-generation CAR-M represent a promising strategy to overcome current challenges in immunotherapy against solid tumors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70582