Soil is a complex matrix composed of a mineral part, a variable percentage of inanimate organic matter, and a large biodiversity of living beings that populate this environment. In particular, the vast set of microorganisms present constitute the soil microbiota. A fundamental role is played by the microbial communities associated with plants, with which they develop numerous mutualistic interactions. In this thesis, particular attention is paid to the different bacteria present in the soil and the beneficial effects generated by the interaction at the root level between the plant and these soil microbial communities. This mechanism is not completely known and is being studied, mainly to try to alleviate the effects of abiotic and biotic stress that are intensifying in recent decades. In fact, in recent years the topic of sustainable agriculture has emerged, which among the proposed solutions includes the use of beneficial microorganisms, which could have beneficial effects not only on plants, but also on their microbiota and on the entire soil microbiota. Various studies and results are therefore analyzed on the possible optimization in the use of biofertilizers, as well as better management of soils intended for agriculture, safeguarding the health of plants and indirectly also that of the entire planet.
Il suolo è una matrice complessa composta da una parte minerale, da una percentuale variabile di materia organica inanimata, e da una grande biodiversità di esseri viventi che popolano questo ambiente. In particolare, il vastissimo insieme di microrganismi presenti costituiscono il microbiota del suolo. Un ruolo fondamentale viene svolto dalle comunità microbiche associate alle piante, con le quali sviluppano numerose interazioni mutualistiche. In questa tesi vengono trattati con particolare attenzione i diversi batteri presenti nel suolo e gli effetti benefici generati dall’interazione a livello radicale tra la pianta e queste comunità microbiche del suolo. Questo meccanismo non è completamente conosciuto ed è oggetto di studio, principalmente per cercare di alleviare gli effetti di stress abiotici e biotici che si stanno intensificando in questi decenni. Negli ultimi anni infatti è emerso il tema dell’agricoltura sostenibile, che tra le soluzioni proposte prevede l’utilizzo di microrganismi benefici, i quali potrebbero avere effetti benefici non solo sulle piante, ma anche sul loro microbiota e sull’intero microbiota del suolo. Vengono analizzati quindi diversi studi e risultati sulla possibile ottimizzazione nell’utilizzo di biofertilizzanti, oltre ad una migliore gestione dei suoli destinati all’agricoltura, salvaguardando la salute delle piante ed indirettamente anche quella dell’intero pianeta.
Importanza del microbiota del suolo per la crescita e la salute della pianta
DAL MOLIN, GIOVANNI
2023/2024
Abstract
Soil is a complex matrix composed of a mineral part, a variable percentage of inanimate organic matter, and a large biodiversity of living beings that populate this environment. In particular, the vast set of microorganisms present constitute the soil microbiota. A fundamental role is played by the microbial communities associated with plants, with which they develop numerous mutualistic interactions. In this thesis, particular attention is paid to the different bacteria present in the soil and the beneficial effects generated by the interaction at the root level between the plant and these soil microbial communities. This mechanism is not completely known and is being studied, mainly to try to alleviate the effects of abiotic and biotic stress that are intensifying in recent decades. In fact, in recent years the topic of sustainable agriculture has emerged, which among the proposed solutions includes the use of beneficial microorganisms, which could have beneficial effects not only on plants, but also on their microbiota and on the entire soil microbiota. Various studies and results are therefore analyzed on the possible optimization in the use of biofertilizers, as well as better management of soils intended for agriculture, safeguarding the health of plants and indirectly also that of the entire planet.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70630