Cocoa, scientifically known as Theobroma cacao, is a plant species belonging to the Sterculiaceae family. Originating in the tropical regions of Central and South America, the cocoa plant is characterized by its evergreen nature, large shiny leaves, and a dense canopy that provides shade to its delicate cocoa pods. The plant plays a crucial role in tropical agroforestry systems, contributing to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health. Its dense foliage also serves as habitat and shelter for numerous organisms. The biological significance of the cocoa plant lies in its oval or elongated pods, which contain the valuable cocoa beans used in the production of a wide range of cocoa-based products such as chocolate, cocoa powder, and cocoa butter. Cocoa is valued not only for its rich flavor and culinary versatility but also for its potential health benefits due to a variety of phytochemical compounds that contribute to its nutritional profile. Cocoa beans contain a variety of nutrients, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Particular attention is given to bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and alkaloids, especially theobromine. The biosynthesis of theobromine and its mechanisms of action are examined in detail, along with its effects on human health, such as reducing obesity, improving cognitive functions, protecting the nervous system, enhancing memory, motor skills, and immune function, preventing kidney stones, treating coughs, and promoting oral health. Therefore, including cocoa in the diet can have several positive health effects when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Il cacao, scientificamente conosciuto come Thebroma cacao, è una specie vegetale che appartiene alla famiglia delle Sterculiaceae. La pianta di cacao ha avuto origine nelle regioni tropicali dell’America centrale e meridionale. Si caratterizza per la sua natura sempreverde, con foglie grandi e lucide e una folta chioma che fornisce ombra ai delicati baccelli di cacao. La pianta svolge un ruolo cruciale nei sistemi agroforestali tropicali, perché contribuisce alla conservazione della biodiversità e alla salute dell'ecosistema, inoltre il suo denso fogliame fornisce habitat e riparo a molti organismi. L’importanza biologica della pianta di cacao è attribuibile ai suoi baccelli di forma ovale o allungata, che racchiudono al loro interno le preziose fave di cacao, utilizzate per la produzione di una vasta gamma di prodotti a base di cacao come il cioccolato, il cacao in polvere e il burro di cacao. Il cacao è apprezzato non solo per il suo ricco sapore e le sue molteplici applicazioni culinarie, ma anche per i suoi potenziali benefici per la salute per la presenza di una serie di composti fitochimici che contribuiscono al suo profilo nutrizionale. Le fave di cacao contengono una varietà di nutrienti, tra cui lipidi, proteine, carboidrati, vitamine e minerali. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata ai composti bioattivi come i polifenoli e gli alcaloidi, in particolare la teobromina. La biosintesi della teobromina e i suoi meccanismi d'azione vengono esaminati nel dettaglio, insieme ai suoi effetti sulla salute umana, come la riduzione dell'obesità, il miglioramento delle funzioni cognitive, la protezione del sistema nervoso, la memoria, l'abilità motoria, la funzione immunitaria, la prevenzione dei calcoli renali, il trattamento della tosse e la salute orale. Quindi, l'inclusione del cacao nella dieta può avere diversi effetti positivi sulla salute se consumato con moderazione e parte di un regime alimentare equilibrato.
Theobroma cacao : caratteristiche botaniche, proprietà biologiche e nutraceutiche.
RANZATO, MARTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Cocoa, scientifically known as Theobroma cacao, is a plant species belonging to the Sterculiaceae family. Originating in the tropical regions of Central and South America, the cocoa plant is characterized by its evergreen nature, large shiny leaves, and a dense canopy that provides shade to its delicate cocoa pods. The plant plays a crucial role in tropical agroforestry systems, contributing to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health. Its dense foliage also serves as habitat and shelter for numerous organisms. The biological significance of the cocoa plant lies in its oval or elongated pods, which contain the valuable cocoa beans used in the production of a wide range of cocoa-based products such as chocolate, cocoa powder, and cocoa butter. Cocoa is valued not only for its rich flavor and culinary versatility but also for its potential health benefits due to a variety of phytochemical compounds that contribute to its nutritional profile. Cocoa beans contain a variety of nutrients, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Particular attention is given to bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and alkaloids, especially theobromine. The biosynthesis of theobromine and its mechanisms of action are examined in detail, along with its effects on human health, such as reducing obesity, improving cognitive functions, protecting the nervous system, enhancing memory, motor skills, and immune function, preventing kidney stones, treating coughs, and promoting oral health. Therefore, including cocoa in the diet can have several positive health effects when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70652