The agricultural soil is not an inactive substrate where crops grow cyclically, absorbing nutrients and leaving decaying biomass. On the contrary, it includes extraordinary biodiversity, where a complex network of biotic activities transforms the soil, organic matter, and primary nutrients. The role of earthworms as a bioindicator of agricultural soil has become an essential element in identifying agrarian biodiversity, and this has been the focus of agroecological research over the last ten years. Moreover, it is essential to underline the role of marginal vegetation, which is intended to allow repopulation in terms of agricultural biodiversity. The research aimed to evaluate agricultural and marginal soil by analysing earthworms and how they affect the soil's bacterial and fungal counts. The experiment was performed at Lucio Toniolo’s farm and the University of Padua (DAFNAE department), considering two sites that include hedges, wetlands and crops. The samplings were carried out during optimal seasons better to represent the species and the earthworm developmental stages. In addition, during the sampling, apart from the soil, some earthworm manure, at a different depth, was collected to analyse the amount of DNA in the soil and the earthworm. The research provided helpful information about the soil and the relationships between worms, organic matter, and the landscape. This investigation allowed a touch of innovation in the field of research, applying brand-new techniques, not only on the Italian panorama, concerning the DNA analysis of the soil, which is linked to both the biodiversity and the ecological role of the worms. The results of the research suggest that the corn crop soil of crop may be less favourable for earthworms, probably due to intensive farming practices, such as chemical fertilisers, pesticides or monoculture, which may reduce biodiversity and compromise soil quality. In addition, the experiment shows that soil quality is better supported in diversified and less disturbed environments such as hedges and horticultural crops. On the other hand, corn crops, with a significantly lower value, may require more sustainable management practices to improve the health of the soil.
Il suolo agrario non è un substrato inerte nel quale le colture compiono il loro ciclo produttivo traendovi nutrimento e lasciandovi spoglie morte. Al contrario esso nasconde un numero straordinario di organismi, ed è sede di una complessa rete di relazioni e di attività biotiche che coinvolgono le trasformazioni del suolo stesso, della sostanza organica e dei principali elementi nutritivi. Un elemento importante nella determinazione della biodiversità agraria, che negli ultimi decenni ha avuto uno sviluppo nel campo della ricerca agroecologica, è il ruolo della lombricofauna come bioindicatore del suolo agrario. È, altresì, importante sottolineare il ruolo della vegetazione marginale, come elemento di amplificazione della ricchezza in biodiversità agraria e come ambiente serbatoio e tampone. L’attività di ricerca trattata ha avuto come obiettivo la valutazione del suolo agrario e del suolo marginale mediante l’analisi della lombricofauna e di come questa possa variare il contenuto batterico e fungino nel suolo stesso. La prova sperimentale è stata svolta presso l’Azienda Agraria Lucio Toniolo e nel Dipartimento DAFNAE dell’Università degli Studi di Padova prendendo in considerazione due siti, che a loro volta contengono nello specifico ambienti di siepe, di zone umide e di coltivo. I campionamenti sono stati eseguiti durante le stagioni ottimali, per avere una rappresentazione migliore delle specie e dello stadio di sviluppo dei lombrichi. Inoltre, durante il campionamento oltre al suolo sono state raccolte, a diverse profondità, le deiezioni della lombricofauna da sottoporre ad analisi di quantificazione del DNA del suolo e del lombrico. Queste analisi hanno caratterizzato gli ambienti in modo efficace portando ad una più approfondita comprensione del suolo e delle relazioni tra lombrichi, la sostanza organica ed il mosaico paesaggistico. Tale studio ha consentito di portare un’innovazione nel campo della ricerca, applicando tecniche di nuova concezione nel panorama non solo italiano sull’analisi del DNA del suolo con un particolare collegamento alla biodiversità e al ruolo ecologico del lombrico.
RUOLO DELLA LOMBRICOFAUNA NELLA FERTILITA' DEL SUOLO IN SIEPI E COLTIVI DI AGROECOSISTEMI VENETI
REVERENNA CESARO, ALBERTO
2023/2024
Abstract
The agricultural soil is not an inactive substrate where crops grow cyclically, absorbing nutrients and leaving decaying biomass. On the contrary, it includes extraordinary biodiversity, where a complex network of biotic activities transforms the soil, organic matter, and primary nutrients. The role of earthworms as a bioindicator of agricultural soil has become an essential element in identifying agrarian biodiversity, and this has been the focus of agroecological research over the last ten years. Moreover, it is essential to underline the role of marginal vegetation, which is intended to allow repopulation in terms of agricultural biodiversity. The research aimed to evaluate agricultural and marginal soil by analysing earthworms and how they affect the soil's bacterial and fungal counts. The experiment was performed at Lucio Toniolo’s farm and the University of Padua (DAFNAE department), considering two sites that include hedges, wetlands and crops. The samplings were carried out during optimal seasons better to represent the species and the earthworm developmental stages. In addition, during the sampling, apart from the soil, some earthworm manure, at a different depth, was collected to analyse the amount of DNA in the soil and the earthworm. The research provided helpful information about the soil and the relationships between worms, organic matter, and the landscape. This investigation allowed a touch of innovation in the field of research, applying brand-new techniques, not only on the Italian panorama, concerning the DNA analysis of the soil, which is linked to both the biodiversity and the ecological role of the worms. The results of the research suggest that the corn crop soil of crop may be less favourable for earthworms, probably due to intensive farming practices, such as chemical fertilisers, pesticides or monoculture, which may reduce biodiversity and compromise soil quality. In addition, the experiment shows that soil quality is better supported in diversified and less disturbed environments such as hedges and horticultural crops. On the other hand, corn crops, with a significantly lower value, may require more sustainable management practices to improve the health of the soil.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/70747