A Comprehensive Review of Necropsies on Marine Mammals kept in Italian Marine Parks, 1999-2024

This thesis presents a detailed examination of necropsies conducted on marine mammals kept within Italian marine parks over 25 years, from 1999 to 2024. The research primarily explores the broad range of pathological examinations conducted by the University of Padua, aiming to explain crucial insights into these captive marine mammals’ welfare and health status. The study employs a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, integrating veterinary medicine, marine biology and animal welfare sciences to analyse the findings from the necropsy reports. By examining the pathological reports, including the causes of mortality, diseases and physiological abnormalities, this research attempts to identify prevalent health concerns among marine mammals within the confines of Italian marine parks. Moreover, the thesis critically evaluates the effectiveness of existing management practices and veterinary care protocols within these marine parks, specifically emphasising their impact on animal welfare. By synthesising necropsy findings with the current understanding of marine mammal biology and behaviour, the study attempts to clarify potential correlations between captive environment factors and health outcomes. Furthermore, the thesis examines the implications surrounding the captivity of marine mammals in marine parks, considering the balance between conservation efforts, public education, and animal welfare concerns. Through a detailed exploration of necropsy data, this research aims to contribute valuable insights for enhancing the welfare standards and management practices within Italian marine parks, ultimately striving towards the holistic well-being of marine mammals under human care.