The present thesis focuses on estimating insulin sensitivity in obese subjects undergoing caloric restriction, using a compartmental model and the least square estimator. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different preoperative diets in improving insulin sensitivity in patients who are candidates for gastric bypass surgery, a common procedure for treating severe obesity. In the first part of the thesis, the concept of diabetes mellitus is introduced, a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia due to dysfunctions in insulin secretion or action. The importance of insulin sensitivity in glycemic control is also described, along with how its reduction can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, the experimental protocol adopted is presented, involving 21 obese subjects divided into two groups: one following a standard diet and the other a low-carbohydrate diet. The collected data include pre- and post-intervention measurements of various metabolic parameters, including blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The core of the thesis lies in the use of a compartmental model to describe and analyze the dynamics of glucose and insulin in the subjects studied. This mathematical model, implemented in Matlab, allows for the estimation of insulin sensitivity parameters and the comparison of the effectiveness of the two diets analyzed.
La presente tesi si focalizza sulla stima della sensibilità insulinica in soggetti obesi sottoposti a restrizione calorica, utilizzando un modello compartimentale e la stima ai minimi quadrati. L'obiettivo principale dello studio è valutare l'efficacia di diverse diete preoperatorie nel migliorare la sensibilità insulinica in pazienti candidati a bypass gastrico, una procedura comune per trattare l'obesità severa. Nella prima parte della tesi viene introdotto il concetto di diabete mellito, una patologia cronica caratterizzata da iperglicemia dovuta a disfunzioni nella secrezione o nell'azione dell'insulina. Viene inoltre descritta l'importanza della sensibilità insulinica nel controllo della glicemia e come una sua riduzione possa contribuire allo sviluppo di malattie metaboliche come il diabete di tipo 2. Successivamente, viene presentato il protocollo sperimentale adottato, che coinvolge 21 soggetti obesi divisi in due gruppi: uno sottoposto a una dieta standard e l'altro a una dieta a basso contenuto di carboidrati. I dati raccolti includono misurazioni pre e post-intervento di vari parametri metabolici, tra cui la glicemia e i livelli di insulina plasmatica, analizzati durante un test di tolleranza al glucosio orale. Il cuore della tesi risiede nell'uso di un modello compartimentale per descrivere e analizzare la dinamica del glucosio e dell'insulina nei soggetti studiati. Questo modello matematico, implementato in Matlab, permette di stimare i parametri di sensibilità insulinica e di confrontare l'efficacia delle due diete analizzate.
Stima della sensibilità insulinica in soggetti obesi sottoposti a restrizione calorica
SIERRA DE LA ROSA, BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
The present thesis focuses on estimating insulin sensitivity in obese subjects undergoing caloric restriction, using a compartmental model and the least square estimator. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different preoperative diets in improving insulin sensitivity in patients who are candidates for gastric bypass surgery, a common procedure for treating severe obesity. In the first part of the thesis, the concept of diabetes mellitus is introduced, a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia due to dysfunctions in insulin secretion or action. The importance of insulin sensitivity in glycemic control is also described, along with how its reduction can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, the experimental protocol adopted is presented, involving 21 obese subjects divided into two groups: one following a standard diet and the other a low-carbohydrate diet. The collected data include pre- and post-intervention measurements of various metabolic parameters, including blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The core of the thesis lies in the use of a compartmental model to describe and analyze the dynamics of glucose and insulin in the subjects studied. This mathematical model, implemented in Matlab, allows for the estimation of insulin sensitivity parameters and the comparison of the effectiveness of the two diets analyzed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/71146