The work aims to give an overall view of the functioning of rates in the most popular financial instrument among the population, especially in Italy: mortgages. To this end, we will start by observing and analysing the current economic situation, with reference to today’s political context, studying the monetary policies implemented by the ECB (European Central Bank) to stabilise rates and consolidate the inflationary target, understanding how situations of great stress, such as the pandemic one and the war between Russia and Ukraine, have an irremovable impact, not only on the economy, but also on the life of every citizen. Will, subsequently, be evaluated the difference between the choice of a fixed or variable rate in the provision of mortgages, analysing the relative amortisation schedules, exploiting the strictly probabilistic origin of fluctuations for variable rate, relying on Brownian Motion and delving into the CIR Model of reference. We will then move on to a purely statistical view of the case under consideration, through the retrieval of official data on interest harmonized rates applied to real estate loans, analysing its characteristics at the historical series level, with the aim of capturing them as best as possible in a financial model, demonstrating the improvement made by the CIR Model over alternative, unsatisfactory for rate evaluation. To conclude, the behaviour of banks, as market players, will be analysed by studying their contractual relationship with customers and their risk profile, coupled with the use of Swaps transactions for capital miss-matching.
L’operato vuole dare una visione complessiva del funzionamento del tasso nello strumento finanziario più diffuso tra la popolazione, soprattutto in Italia: i mutui. A tale scopo, si partirà osservando ed analizzando la situazione economica attuale, con riferimento al contesto politico odierno, studiando le politiche monetarie attuate dalla BCE (Banca Centrale Europea) per stabilizzare i tassi e consolidare il target inflazionistico, capendo come situazioni di forte stress, quali la pandemia e la guerra Russo-Ucraina, impattino in maniera irremovibile, non solo sull’economia, ma anche sulla vita di ciascun cittadino.Si farà poi, leva sulla differenza tra la scelta di un tasso fisso od uno variabile nell’erogazione di un prestito, analizzando i relativi piani di ammortamento ed enfatizzando l’origine strettamente probabilistica delle oscillazioni del tasso variabile, affidandosi al Moto Browniano ed approfondendo il Modello CIR di riferimento. Si passerà in seguito ad una visione prettamente statistica del caso in esame, tramite il reperimento di dati ufficiali relativi ai tassi di interesse armonizzati applicati a prestiti su immobili, analizzandone le caratteristiche a livello di serie storica, con l’obiettivo di catturarle al meglio in un ipotetico modello finanziario, appurando la miglioria apportata dal Modello CIR rispetto a modelli alternativi, non soddisfacenti per la valutazione del tasso. Per concludere, si analizzerà il comportamento delle banche, in quanto player di mercato, studiando il rapporto contrattuale con i clienti ed il loro profilo di rischio, annesso all’utilizzo di operazioni Swap per il contenimento dei miss-matching patrimoniali.
Analisi del tasso variabile nei mutui : aspetti teorici ed applicativi .
BUZOI, CLAUDIA
2023/2024
Abstract
The work aims to give an overall view of the functioning of rates in the most popular financial instrument among the population, especially in Italy: mortgages. To this end, we will start by observing and analysing the current economic situation, with reference to today’s political context, studying the monetary policies implemented by the ECB (European Central Bank) to stabilise rates and consolidate the inflationary target, understanding how situations of great stress, such as the pandemic one and the war between Russia and Ukraine, have an irremovable impact, not only on the economy, but also on the life of every citizen. Will, subsequently, be evaluated the difference between the choice of a fixed or variable rate in the provision of mortgages, analysing the relative amortisation schedules, exploiting the strictly probabilistic origin of fluctuations for variable rate, relying on Brownian Motion and delving into the CIR Model of reference. We will then move on to a purely statistical view of the case under consideration, through the retrieval of official data on interest harmonized rates applied to real estate loans, analysing its characteristics at the historical series level, with the aim of capturing them as best as possible in a financial model, demonstrating the improvement made by the CIR Model over alternative, unsatisfactory for rate evaluation. To conclude, the behaviour of banks, as market players, will be analysed by studying their contractual relationship with customers and their risk profile, coupled with the use of Swaps transactions for capital miss-matching.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/71246