Context: Steam turbines play a crucial role in power generation in thermal power plants, contributing significantly to the global energy supply. In a context of increasing attention to sustainability and energy efficiency, it is essential to optimize the performance of these machines to reduce consumption and CO2 emissions. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the methods under study to improve the efficiency of steam turbines, identifying the main sources of energy loss and proposing solutions to mitigate them. The objective is to optimize the operation of turbines to maximize energy efficiency and extend their useful life. Methods: The analysis is divided into two main phases. The first consists in the identification of thermodynamic, aerodynamic, mechanical and pressure inefficiencies. While the second concerns the study and analysis of solutions for the reduction of losses, such as the optimization of blade profiles, the use of advanced materials for bearings and thermal insulation strategies. Results: The main areas of inefficiency were identified, including friction losses, vibrations, and heat loss. The proposed solutions, such as the use of low-viscosity lubricants and high-performance materials, showed significant improvements in reducing losses. The adoption of thermal insulation systems contributes to improving energy conservation inside the turbine. Conclusions: The implementation of the proposed solutions can increase the efficiency of steam turbines, reduce energy consumption, and extend the operational life of the plants. These improvements are essential to optimize the integration of thermal power plants with renewable sources and contribute to the energy transition towards a more sustainable future.
Contesto: Le turbine a vapore rivestono un ruolo cruciale nella produzione di energia nelle centrali termoelettriche, contribuendo significativamente alla fornitura di energia a livello globale. In un contesto di crescente attenzione alla sostenibilità e all’efficienza energetica, è essenziale ottimizzare il rendimento di queste macchine per ridurre i consumi e le emissioni di CO2. Obiettivi di Ricerca: Questo studio si propone di analizzare i metodi allo studio per migliorare l’efficienza delle turbine a vapore, identificando le principali fonti di perdita di energia e proponendo soluzioni per mitigarle. L’obiettivo è ottimizzare il funzionamento delle turbine per massimizzare l’efficienza energetica e prolungare la loro vita utile. Metodi: L’analisi è suddivisa in due fasi principali. La prima consiste nell’identificazione delle inefficienze termodinamiche, aerodinamiche, meccaniche e di pressione. Mentre la seconda riguarda lo studio e l’analisi di soluzioni per la riduzione delle perdite, come l’ottimizzazione dei profili palari, l’uso di materiali avanzati per i cuscinetti e strategie di isolamento termico. Risultati: Sono state identificate le principali aree di inefficienza, tra cui perdite per attrito, vibrazioni, e dispersione di calore. Le soluzioni proposte, come l’uso di lubrificanti a bassa viscosità e materiali ad alte prestazioni, hanno mostrato miglioramenti significativi nella riduzione delle perdite. L’adozione di sistemi di isolamento termico contribuisce a migliorare la conservazione dell’energia all’interno della turbina. Conclusioni: L’implementazione delle soluzioni proposte può incrementare l’efficienza delle turbine a vapore, ridurre i consumi energetici e prolungare la durata operativa degli impianti. Questi miglioramenti sono fondamentali per ottimizzare l’integrazione delle centrali termoelettriche con fonti rinnovabili e contribuire alla transizione energetica verso un futuro più sostenibile.
L'efficientamento delle turbine a vapore
FRELLO, LUCA MARCO
2023/2024
Abstract
Context: Steam turbines play a crucial role in power generation in thermal power plants, contributing significantly to the global energy supply. In a context of increasing attention to sustainability and energy efficiency, it is essential to optimize the performance of these machines to reduce consumption and CO2 emissions. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the methods under study to improve the efficiency of steam turbines, identifying the main sources of energy loss and proposing solutions to mitigate them. The objective is to optimize the operation of turbines to maximize energy efficiency and extend their useful life. Methods: The analysis is divided into two main phases. The first consists in the identification of thermodynamic, aerodynamic, mechanical and pressure inefficiencies. While the second concerns the study and analysis of solutions for the reduction of losses, such as the optimization of blade profiles, the use of advanced materials for bearings and thermal insulation strategies. Results: The main areas of inefficiency were identified, including friction losses, vibrations, and heat loss. The proposed solutions, such as the use of low-viscosity lubricants and high-performance materials, showed significant improvements in reducing losses. The adoption of thermal insulation systems contributes to improving energy conservation inside the turbine. Conclusions: The implementation of the proposed solutions can increase the efficiency of steam turbines, reduce energy consumption, and extend the operational life of the plants. These improvements are essential to optimize the integration of thermal power plants with renewable sources and contribute to the energy transition towards a more sustainable future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/71463