Despite the growth of wind and photovoltaic plants, the role played by hydroelectric plants within the current Italian energy landscape remains crucial, as they are the renewable energy source with the highest electricity production. This can certainly be attributed to the fact that the exploitation of water resources in Italy has reached a certain level of maturity, with the first Italian hydroelectric plants dating back to the late 19th century, and currently numbering over 4,000 units. However, the emergence of a large number of hydroelectric plants over time has not been accompanied by the development of a national database that includes general information about these plants, particularly regarding their location, type, and operational conditions (mainly head, flow rate, and installed power). The aim of this study is to enhance the database of hydroelectric plants, specifically created by the Turbomachinery and Energy System (TES) research group at the University of Padua, by cataloging and analyzing those equipped with Pelton turbines. The study focuses particularly on the analysis of flow rate values obtained from a literature review of some plants located in Italy, with the subsequent aim of comparing them with the flow rate ranges where the selection of such machines typically falls. The first part of the paper analyzes the general overview of hydroelectric energy in Italy, discussing the role of hydroelectricity within renewable energy sources and the potential future development scenarios for this technology. A qualitative description of the general operation of hydroelectric plants and the different types of turbines used is also provided: particular attention is given to Pelton turbines, whose operating principles and distinguishing characteristics are discussed in detail. Finally, the last part of the paper presents the general structure of the database and a brief description of the characteristics considered. The Italian hydroelectric plants equipped with Pelton turbines were extracted from the database, and a statistical analysis of their flow rates was carried out. The results obtained were then compared with the characteristic flow rate ranges reported in the literature, showing good agreement between the two.
Nonostante la crescita degli impianti eolici e fotovoltaici, il ruolo ricoperto dagli impianti idroelettrici all’interno dello scenario energetico italiano attuale è di vitale importanza, essendo la fonte rinnovabile con la più alta produzione di energia elettrica. Tale aspetto è sicuramente da ricondurre al fatto che lo sfruttamento della risorsa idrica in Italia ha ormai raggiunto una certa maturità, essendo i primi impianti idroelettrici italiani risalenti alla fine dell’Ottocento e attualmente in numero superiore alle 4000 unità. Tuttavia, la nascita di un gran numero di impianti idroelettrici non è stata accompagnata nel tempo da uno sviluppo a livello nazionale di una banca dati che ne riportasse le informazioni generali, riguardanti in particolare posizione, tipologia e condizioni operative (tra cui, le principali, salto, portata e potenza installata). L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è dunque quello di arricchire il database di impianti idroelettrici, creato appositamente dal gruppo di ricerca Turbomachinery and Energy System (TES) dell’Università di Padova, catalogando e analizzando nello specifico quelli dotati di turbine Pelton. Lo studio si è concentrato, in particolar modo, sull’analisi dei valori di portata ottenuti da una ricerca di letteratura su alcuni impianti sul suolo italiano, con l’obiettivo successivo di confrontarli con gli intervalli di portata in cui la scelta di tali macchine solitamente ricade. La prima parte dell’elaborato analizza la panoramica generale riguardante l’energia idroelettrica in Italia, trattando il ruolo ricoperto dall’idroelettrico nell’ambito delle fonti rinnovabili e i possibili scenari di sviluppo futuro di tale tecnologia. È inoltre fornita una descrizione qualitativa del funzionamento generale degli impianti idroelettrici e delle diverse tipologie di turbina utilizzate: particolare attenzione è dedicata alle turbine Pelton, il cui principio di funzionamento e le caratteristiche che la contraddistinguono sono discusse nel dettaglio. Infine, nell’ultima parte dell’elaborato sono riportate la struttura generale della banca dati e una breve descrizione delle caratteristiche prese in esame. Dal database sono stati estratti gli impianti idroelettrici italiani equipaggiati con turbine di tipo Pelton e si è proceduto con un’analisi statistica delle loro portate. I risultati ottenuti sono poi stati confrontati con i valori di range caratteristici di portata indicati in letteratura, riscontrando un buon accordo tra i due.
La turbina Pelton all'interno dello scenario idroelettrico italiano: analisi del campo d'impiego delle portate volumetriche
GASPARELLA, GHERARDO
2023/2024
Abstract
Despite the growth of wind and photovoltaic plants, the role played by hydroelectric plants within the current Italian energy landscape remains crucial, as they are the renewable energy source with the highest electricity production. This can certainly be attributed to the fact that the exploitation of water resources in Italy has reached a certain level of maturity, with the first Italian hydroelectric plants dating back to the late 19th century, and currently numbering over 4,000 units. However, the emergence of a large number of hydroelectric plants over time has not been accompanied by the development of a national database that includes general information about these plants, particularly regarding their location, type, and operational conditions (mainly head, flow rate, and installed power). The aim of this study is to enhance the database of hydroelectric plants, specifically created by the Turbomachinery and Energy System (TES) research group at the University of Padua, by cataloging and analyzing those equipped with Pelton turbines. The study focuses particularly on the analysis of flow rate values obtained from a literature review of some plants located in Italy, with the subsequent aim of comparing them with the flow rate ranges where the selection of such machines typically falls. The first part of the paper analyzes the general overview of hydroelectric energy in Italy, discussing the role of hydroelectricity within renewable energy sources and the potential future development scenarios for this technology. A qualitative description of the general operation of hydroelectric plants and the different types of turbines used is also provided: particular attention is given to Pelton turbines, whose operating principles and distinguishing characteristics are discussed in detail. Finally, the last part of the paper presents the general structure of the database and a brief description of the characteristics considered. The Italian hydroelectric plants equipped with Pelton turbines were extracted from the database, and a statistical analysis of their flow rates was carried out. The results obtained were then compared with the characteristic flow rate ranges reported in the literature, showing good agreement between the two.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/71725