Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are two diagnostic techniques used to record electrical activity in the brain. The EEG uses electrical potentials induced on the scalp by the brain’s electrical activity, while the MEG detects magnetic fields generated by intracranial currents. The first recording of cerebral electrical activity dates back to 1924, thanks to the work of Hans Berger, who pioneered EEG and coined the term. Later, in 1968, David Cohen introduced the term MEG to describe a copper induction coil as a detector. Through a detailed analysis, this paper aims to provide a detailed parallel analysis of these two techniques, beginning with their history and continuing with an examination of their instrumentation components, with particular attention to their principles of operation. The paper explores the role of these techniques in both medical and research contexts, focusing on the study of nerve signal transmission under both normal and pathological conditions. The final objective of this thesis is to compare EEG and MEG from a methodological and applicative perspectives, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two techniques, as well as their potential and limitations within the field of neuroscience.
L’elettroencefalografia (EEG) e la magnetoencefalografia (MEG) sono due tecniche diagnostiche per la registrazione dell’attività elettrica cerebrale. L’EEG utilizza i potenziali elettrici indotti sullo scalpo dall’attività elettrica del cervello, mentre la MEG rileva i campi magnetici generati dalle correnti intracraniche. La prima registrazione dell’attività elettrica cerebrale risale al 1924 grazie al lavoro di Hans Berger, che creò l’EEG coniandone anche il termine. Successivamente, nel 1968, David Cohen introdusse il termine MEG per indicare una bobina ad induzione di rame come rilevatore. Attraverso un’analisi dettagliata, questo elaborato si propone di esaminare in parallelo le due tecniche, partendo dalla loro storia e proseguendo con l’analisi delle componenti della strumentazione, con particolare attenzione al loro principio di funzionamento. Viene esplorato il ruolo di queste tecniche in campo medico e di ricerca, per lo studio della trasmissione del segnale nervoso in condizioni sia normali che patologiche. L’obiettivo finale di questa tesi è confrontare EEG e MEG dal punto di vista metodologico e applicativo, evidenziandone le differenze e le similitudini, nonché le loro potenzialità e limitazioni nel contesto delle neuroscienze.
Elettroencefalografia e magnetoencefalografia
MANFRINI, MATILDE MARIE
2023/2024
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are two diagnostic techniques used to record electrical activity in the brain. The EEG uses electrical potentials induced on the scalp by the brain’s electrical activity, while the MEG detects magnetic fields generated by intracranial currents. The first recording of cerebral electrical activity dates back to 1924, thanks to the work of Hans Berger, who pioneered EEG and coined the term. Later, in 1968, David Cohen introduced the term MEG to describe a copper induction coil as a detector. Through a detailed analysis, this paper aims to provide a detailed parallel analysis of these two techniques, beginning with their history and continuing with an examination of their instrumentation components, with particular attention to their principles of operation. The paper explores the role of these techniques in both medical and research contexts, focusing on the study of nerve signal transmission under both normal and pathological conditions. The final objective of this thesis is to compare EEG and MEG from a methodological and applicative perspectives, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two techniques, as well as their potential and limitations within the field of neuroscience.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/71797