Background: Microwave thermoablation treatment is gaining increasing clinical relevance as a therapeutic option for patients with primary or secondary liver tumors. Thermoablation is a minimally invasive technique that can be performed under CT or ultrasound (US) guidance, using a percutaneous or laparoscopic approach. Both methods have their own limitations and advantages; in particular, percutaneous procedures benefit from the possibility to be performed under CT guidance, while laparoscopic procedures allow for radical interventions in patients with coagulopathy, ascites, or critically located disease, overcoming the limitations of the percutaneous approach while maintaining minimally invasive characteristics. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of CT-assisted microwave thermoablation, performed in a hybrid operating room in selected patients with unresectable primary or secondary liver tumors, in terms of efficacy, expressed as a complete radiological response at 1 month according to mRECIST, and safety, expressed in terms of 90-day mortality and major morbidity rate according to Dindo-Clavien at 30 days. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted in 8 selected patients with a diagnosis of primary or secondary liver neoplasms. In all patients the disease was deemed advanced, complex, and technically challenging. Demographic, clinical, and procedural aspects were assessed, including length of stay, complications occurring within 30 days of the procedure, and the presence of tumor recurrence or persistent disease at 1 month CT scan. Results: The study included 8 patients with a median ECOG Performance Status of 1 and a median age of 62 years. 50% of the subjects (n=4) had CRLM, 12.5% (n=1) had HCC, 12.5% (n=1) had NET, 12.5% (n=1) had iCCA, and 12.5% (n=1) had pancreatic cancer. All patients had a history of previous interventions, and 75% (n=6) underwent at least one prior thermoablation treatment. Each patient had a median of 4 lesions (1-23 nodules) with a median diameter of 14 mm (4-41 mm); 50% of the subjects had multinodular disease, 25% had large nodules, and the remaining 25% had critically located nodules. In total, 74 nodules were identified in the study population: 71 (96%) of them were successfully ablated while 2 (2.7%) were unreachable. A total of 53 nodules (71.6%) were identified by preoperative CT and a total of 64 nodules (86.5%) were identified during intraoperative ultrasound. Intraoperative CT was able to identify 9 nodules (12.1%). The median hospital stay was 4.5 days. 37.5% of patients (n=3) developed complications: we observed only one major complication (an abscess, Clavien-Dindo 3a), in the postoperative period. On follow-up CT performed 1 month after the procedure, 6 patients (75%) shown complete ablation, 2 patients (25%) shown local recurrence, and 4 (50%) shown de novo recurrence. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this preliminary study, such as its prospective nature and small sample size, the high percentage of previously unidentified nodules (12.1%) detected through intraoperative CT strongly supports the usefulness of this innovative approach in liver tumor ablation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our observations.
Presupposti: il trattamento temo-ablativo a microonde sta acquistando sempre maggiore rilevanza clinica come opzione terapeutica per pazienti con neoplasie epatiche primitive o secondarie. La termoablazione è una tecnica mininvasiva che può essere attuata mediante guida TC o ecografica (US), e per via percutanea o laparoscopica. Entrambe le modalità presentano i propri limiti e vantaggi; in particolare, la percutanea beneficia maggiormente della possibilità della guida TC, mentre la laparoscopica consente di effettuare interventi radicali in soggetti affetti da coagulopatia, ascite o da malattia con localizzazione critica, superando i limiti della prima pur mantenendo le caratteristiche di mininvasività. Scopo dello studio: lo scopo del presente studio è di valutare il ruolo del trattamento di termoablazione a microonde TC-assistito condotto in sala ibrida in pazienti selezionati, affetti da neoplasie epatiche primitive o secondarie non resecabili, in termini di efficacia, espressa come risposta radiologica completa a 1 mese secondo mRECIST, e sicurezza, espressa in termini di mortalità a 90 giorni e tasso di morbidità maggiore secondo Dindo-Clavien a 30 giorni. Materiali e metodi: è stata svolta un’analisi prospettica in 8 pazienti selezionati, con diagnosi di neoplasia epatica primitiva o secondaria definita, in base alle sue caratteristiche cliniche, come avanzata, complessa e tecnicamente insidiosa. Sono stati valutati gli aspetti relativi alle caratteristiche demografiche, cliniche e operatorie, il tempo di ricovero, le complicanze insorte entro 30 giorni dall’intervento e la presenza di recidiva o persistenza di malattia alla TC eseguita a un mese dall’intervento. Risultati: lo studio ha incluso 8 pazienti caratterizzati da un ECOG Performance Status mediano di 1 e da un’età mediana di 62 anni. Il 50% dei soggetti (n=4) presentava diagnosi di CRLM, il 12.5% (n=1) di HCC, il 12.5% (n=1) di NET, il 12.5% (n=1) di iCCA e il 12.5% (n=1) era affetto da K pancreas. Tutti i pazienti presentavano in anamnesi pregressi interventi e il 75% (n=6) di essi era già stato sottoposto ad almeno un trattamento termo-ablativo. Ogni paziente presentava una mediana di 4 lesioni (1-23 noduli) con diametro mediano 14 mm (4-41 mm); il 50% dei soggetti era affetto da malattia multinodulare, il 25% presentava noduli di grandi dimensioni e il restante 25% presentava noduli con localizzazione critica. In totale, nella popolazione di studio, sono stati individuati 74 noduli, di questi 71 (96%) sono stati ablati mentre 2 (2.7%) non erano raggiungibili. In totale 53 noduli (71.6%) sono stati individuati alla TC preoperatoria, 64 (86.5%) all’ecografia intraoperatoria; la TC intraoperatoria ha evidenziato 9 noduli (12.1%). La degenza mediana è stata 4.5 giorni. Il 37.5% dei pazienti (n=3) ha sviluppato complicanze, di cui 1 maggiore (ascesso, Clavien-Dindo 3a), nel postoperatorio. Alla TC di controllo eseguita a un mese dalla procedura, in 6 pazienti (75%) l’ablazione era completa, 2 soggetti (25%) presentavano recidiva locale e 4 (50%) recidiva de novo. Conclusioni: Nonostante le limitazioni di questo studio preliminare, quali la natura prospettica e la ridotta numerosità campionaria, l’elevata percentuale di noduli misconosciuti (12.1%), individuati grazie all’esecuzione della TC intraoperatoria, sembra supportare fortemente l’utilità di ricorrere a questo tipo di approccio innovativo nell’ablazione delle localizzazioni epatiche dei tumori. Sono necessari ulteriori studi, con numerosità campionaria maggiore, per confermare quanto da noi osservato.
Termoablazione ibrida laparoscopica e TC-assistita di lesioni epatiche: studio prospettico di safety e efficacy
TRANI, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Microwave thermoablation treatment is gaining increasing clinical relevance as a therapeutic option for patients with primary or secondary liver tumors. Thermoablation is a minimally invasive technique that can be performed under CT or ultrasound (US) guidance, using a percutaneous or laparoscopic approach. Both methods have their own limitations and advantages; in particular, percutaneous procedures benefit from the possibility to be performed under CT guidance, while laparoscopic procedures allow for radical interventions in patients with coagulopathy, ascites, or critically located disease, overcoming the limitations of the percutaneous approach while maintaining minimally invasive characteristics. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of CT-assisted microwave thermoablation, performed in a hybrid operating room in selected patients with unresectable primary or secondary liver tumors, in terms of efficacy, expressed as a complete radiological response at 1 month according to mRECIST, and safety, expressed in terms of 90-day mortality and major morbidity rate according to Dindo-Clavien at 30 days. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted in 8 selected patients with a diagnosis of primary or secondary liver neoplasms. In all patients the disease was deemed advanced, complex, and technically challenging. Demographic, clinical, and procedural aspects were assessed, including length of stay, complications occurring within 30 days of the procedure, and the presence of tumor recurrence or persistent disease at 1 month CT scan. Results: The study included 8 patients with a median ECOG Performance Status of 1 and a median age of 62 years. 50% of the subjects (n=4) had CRLM, 12.5% (n=1) had HCC, 12.5% (n=1) had NET, 12.5% (n=1) had iCCA, and 12.5% (n=1) had pancreatic cancer. All patients had a history of previous interventions, and 75% (n=6) underwent at least one prior thermoablation treatment. Each patient had a median of 4 lesions (1-23 nodules) with a median diameter of 14 mm (4-41 mm); 50% of the subjects had multinodular disease, 25% had large nodules, and the remaining 25% had critically located nodules. In total, 74 nodules were identified in the study population: 71 (96%) of them were successfully ablated while 2 (2.7%) were unreachable. A total of 53 nodules (71.6%) were identified by preoperative CT and a total of 64 nodules (86.5%) were identified during intraoperative ultrasound. Intraoperative CT was able to identify 9 nodules (12.1%). The median hospital stay was 4.5 days. 37.5% of patients (n=3) developed complications: we observed only one major complication (an abscess, Clavien-Dindo 3a), in the postoperative period. On follow-up CT performed 1 month after the procedure, 6 patients (75%) shown complete ablation, 2 patients (25%) shown local recurrence, and 4 (50%) shown de novo recurrence. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this preliminary study, such as its prospective nature and small sample size, the high percentage of previously unidentified nodules (12.1%) detected through intraoperative CT strongly supports the usefulness of this innovative approach in liver tumor ablation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our observations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72101