Background: In Italy, endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecological tumor and represents 5.5% of all female tumours. Since 1983, endometrial tumours have been classified based on their histological characteristics, according to the Bokhman model. In 2013, the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network proposed a new molecular classification that defined four subgroups of endometrial carcinoma: POLE mutant comprising 7% of endometrial cancer, MMRd (MisMatch Repair Deficient) 28%, p53 abnormal 26%, NSMP (Non Specific Molecular Profile) 39%. Subsequent studies have shown the prognostic importance of this molecular characterization. Currently, it is used in clinical practice to guide the choice of the adjuvant treatment. Aim of the study: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between classical clinical-pathological factors and molecular phenotype in a real life population of 150 patients. The rates of migration of stage and risk class at diagnosis occurred with the introduction of molecular classification were analysed. Overall and disease-free survival were analysed to assess the outcome both of the population and of the different molecular groups. Finally, the impact of hormone receptor expression on outcome in NSMP cancers was evaluated. Materials and methods: In the study, 150 patients were included between whom treated at the Oncology Unit of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto of Padua and Clinica Ginecologica Hospital – University of Padua between January 2021 and May 2024. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The association between clinical-pathological factors and molecular phenotype was evaluated with the Pearson chi-square test and with the "trend" test in the case of non-dichotomous variables. Outcome indices were expressed through their median value and interquartile range. Migrations of stage and risk class were expressed as a percentage. Results: Of the 150 patients analysed, 7.3% were POLE-mut, 31.3% MMRd, 16.7% p53abn and 44.7% NSMP. We observed a statistically significant association between molecular phenotype and all the clinical-pathological variables except for age, BMI class and LVSI. With the introduction of the molecular classification, 22% of the population has undergone stage migration and 4% have undergone risk class migration. After a median follow-up of 15 months, mortality was 11.3%. Disease relapse occurred in 18.7% of cases, with a median progression free survival of 14 months (IQR 6-24), whereas the median overall survival was 15 months (IQR 7-26). Considering the outcome of individual molecular groups, POLE-mut group showed a recurrence rate of 18.2% and mortality of 9.1%, MMRd group 21.3% and 12.8%, p53abn group 40% and 32% and NSMP group 9% and 3%. The analysis of the impact of receptor expression on the outcome of the NSMP group did not demonstrate statistical significance due to small sample size. Conclusions: The characteristics of the selected population were in line with what is known in literature. Similarly, the results of the association study between clinical pathological characteristics and molecular groups are similar to those found in the literature. Some discrepancies were found in the association between molecular group and age or BMI class, which were not statistically significant. The rates of relapse and mortality, both in the global population and in the various molecular groups, were consistent with the evidence from the literature. Some contradictions have arisen in the POLE-mut group, where the outcome was not excellent as known in literature, probably due to the small sample size. The rates of stage and risk class migration are consistent with the results from other studies on the subject. The sample size and the length of follow-up represent the main limitations of the study: a multicentre setting with a larger population and a longer follow-up would allow for more accurate analysis.
Premessa: In Italia il carcinoma endometriale è il tumore ginecologico più frequente e rappresenta il 5.5% di tutti i tumori femminili. A partire dal 1983, il tumore dell’endometrio è stato classificato su base istologica, secondo il modello di Bokhman. Nel 2013 il Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network ha proposto una nuova classificazione su base molecolare che ha permesso di definire quattro sottogruppi di carcinoma endometriale: POLE mutant comprendente il 7% dei carcinomi endometriali, MMRd (MisMatch Repair Deficient) il 28%, p53 abnormal il 26%, NSMP (Non Specific Molecular Profile) il 39%. Successivi studi hanno dimostrato l’effettiva importanza prognostica di questa caratterizzazione molecolare. Attualmente, essa è impiegata nella pratica clinica per indirizzare la scelta del trattamento adiuvante. Scopo dello studio: Questo studio retrospettivo si è posto l’obiettivo di valutare l’associazione esistente tra fattori clinico-patologici classici e fenotipo molecolare in una casistica real life di 150 pazienti. Sono state analizzate le percentuali di migrazione di stadio e di classe di rischio alla diagnosi avvenute con l’introduzione della classificazione molecolare. È stata analizzata la sopravvivenza globale e libera da malattia come valutazione dell’outcome della popolazione. Infine, è stato valutato l’impatto dell’espressione dei recettori ormonali sull’outcome nel gruppo NSMP. Materiali e metodi: Nello studio sono state incluse 150 pazienti prese in carico presso la UOC Oncologia 2 dell’Istituto Oncologico Veneto di Padova e la Clinica Ginecologica Azienda Ospedale – Università di Padova nel periodo intercorso tra gennaio 2021 e maggio 2024. Le cartelle cliniche sono state revisionate retrospettivamente. L’associazione tra fattori clinico-patologici e fenotipo molecolare è stata valutata con il test del chi-quadrato di Pearson e con il test “per il trend” nel caso di variabili non dicotomiche. Gli indici di outcome sono stati espressi attraverso il loro valore mediano ed il range interquartile. Le migrazioni di stadio e di classe di rischio sono state espresse in percentuale. Risultati: Delle 150 pazienti analizzate, il 7.3% è risultato POLE-mut, il 31.3% MMRd, il 16.7% p53abn e il 44.7% NSMP. Abbiamo osservato un’associazione statisticamente significativa tra fenotipo molecolare e tutte le variabili clinico-patologiche tranne età, classe BMI e LVSI. Con l’introduzione del dato molecolare è avvenuta una migrazione di stadio nel 22% della popolazione ed una migrazione di classe di rischio nel 4% della popolazione. Dopo un follow-up mediano di 15 mesi, la mortalità è stata dell’11.3%. La recidiva di malattia è avvenuta nel 18.7% dei casi, con una progression free survival mediana di 14 mesi (IQR 6-24), mentre l’overall survival mediana è risultata di 15 mesi (IQR 7-26). Considerando l’outcome dei singoli gruppi molecolari, il gruppo POLE-mut ha presentato un tasso di recidiva del 18.2% e di mortalità del 9.1%, il gruppo MMRd del 21.3% e del 12.8%, il gruppo p53abn del 40% e del 32% e il gruppo NSMP del 9% e del 3%. L’analisi dell’impatto dell’espressione recettoriale sull’outcome del gruppo NSMP non ha dimostrato significatività statistica. Conclusioni: Le caratteristiche della popolazione selezionata sono risultate in linea con quanto noto in letteratura, così come l'associazione tra caratteristiche clinico-patologiche e gruppi molecolari, tranne per le variabili età e classe BMI. I tassi di recidiva e mortalità si sono dimostrati coerenti con le evidenze derivanti dalla letteratura. Alcune contraddizioni sono insorte nel gruppo POLE-mut, in cui l’outcome non è risultato eccellente. Anche le percentuali di migrazione di stadio e di classe di rischio si allineano con la letteratura. I limiti principali sono la numerosità campionaria, la lunghezza del follow-up e il setting monocentrico.
Carcinoma dell'endometrio: correlazione tra caratteristiche clinico-patologiche, sottotipi molecolari e misure di outcome
LEONE, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: In Italy, endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecological tumor and represents 5.5% of all female tumours. Since 1983, endometrial tumours have been classified based on their histological characteristics, according to the Bokhman model. In 2013, the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network proposed a new molecular classification that defined four subgroups of endometrial carcinoma: POLE mutant comprising 7% of endometrial cancer, MMRd (MisMatch Repair Deficient) 28%, p53 abnormal 26%, NSMP (Non Specific Molecular Profile) 39%. Subsequent studies have shown the prognostic importance of this molecular characterization. Currently, it is used in clinical practice to guide the choice of the adjuvant treatment. Aim of the study: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between classical clinical-pathological factors and molecular phenotype in a real life population of 150 patients. The rates of migration of stage and risk class at diagnosis occurred with the introduction of molecular classification were analysed. Overall and disease-free survival were analysed to assess the outcome both of the population and of the different molecular groups. Finally, the impact of hormone receptor expression on outcome in NSMP cancers was evaluated. Materials and methods: In the study, 150 patients were included between whom treated at the Oncology Unit of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto of Padua and Clinica Ginecologica Hospital – University of Padua between January 2021 and May 2024. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The association between clinical-pathological factors and molecular phenotype was evaluated with the Pearson chi-square test and with the "trend" test in the case of non-dichotomous variables. Outcome indices were expressed through their median value and interquartile range. Migrations of stage and risk class were expressed as a percentage. Results: Of the 150 patients analysed, 7.3% were POLE-mut, 31.3% MMRd, 16.7% p53abn and 44.7% NSMP. We observed a statistically significant association between molecular phenotype and all the clinical-pathological variables except for age, BMI class and LVSI. With the introduction of the molecular classification, 22% of the population has undergone stage migration and 4% have undergone risk class migration. After a median follow-up of 15 months, mortality was 11.3%. Disease relapse occurred in 18.7% of cases, with a median progression free survival of 14 months (IQR 6-24), whereas the median overall survival was 15 months (IQR 7-26). Considering the outcome of individual molecular groups, POLE-mut group showed a recurrence rate of 18.2% and mortality of 9.1%, MMRd group 21.3% and 12.8%, p53abn group 40% and 32% and NSMP group 9% and 3%. The analysis of the impact of receptor expression on the outcome of the NSMP group did not demonstrate statistical significance due to small sample size. Conclusions: The characteristics of the selected population were in line with what is known in literature. Similarly, the results of the association study between clinical pathological characteristics and molecular groups are similar to those found in the literature. Some discrepancies were found in the association between molecular group and age or BMI class, which were not statistically significant. The rates of relapse and mortality, both in the global population and in the various molecular groups, were consistent with the evidence from the literature. Some contradictions have arisen in the POLE-mut group, where the outcome was not excellent as known in literature, probably due to the small sample size. The rates of stage and risk class migration are consistent with the results from other studies on the subject. The sample size and the length of follow-up represent the main limitations of the study: a multicentre setting with a larger population and a longer follow-up would allow for more accurate analysis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72104