This thesis proposes to optimize the structure of a nanostructured polymer membrane for the treatment of water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), focusing in particular on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).In the last five years, PFAS have represented the main polluting scenario in Veneto and beyond. To limit their spread, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) intervened and published the proposed restriction, REACH, on these compounds. This research exploits a polyimide-based membrane into which MOF (Metal Organic Framework) have been introduced to degrade PFAS, i.e. metallic materials coordinated with rigid organic binders characterized by very high porosity. This last characteristic allows the pollutant to be adsorbed in order to facilitate its degradation. This last step is carried out by the catalyst, i.e. titanium dioxide (TiO2), in the form of nano rods, which is activated by a UV lamp. The membrane is produced by electrospinning of polymeric solutions containing the matrix and catalyst precursors; the final structure is obtained through a specific heat treatment. Subsequently, MOF precursors are added to the membrane; this process is carried out in an autoclave. Finally, the membrane thus obtained is subjected to a series of analyzes to verify its mechanical and chemical properties. Membrane characterization includes analyzes such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the relationship between the polymer matrix, catalyst, and MOFs, FT-IR spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. A laboratory prepared sample was used for the degradation study. It was not possible to use a real sample for reasons related to the reproducibility of the concentration of the pollutant in the water.
In questa tesi si propone di ottimizzare la struttura di una membrana polimerica nanostrutturata per il trattamento delle acque contaminate da composti perfluoroalchilici (PFAS), focalizzandosi in particolare sulla degradazione dell’acido perfluoroottanoico (PFOA). Negli ultimi cinque anni i PFAS sono stati lo scenario principale degli inquinanti in Veneto e non solo. Per limitarne la diffusione è intervenuta l’Agenzia Europea per le Sostanze Chimiche (ECHA) che ha pubblicato la proposta di restrizione, REACH, su tali composti. La presente ricerca sfrutta una membrana a base di poliimmide nella quale sono stati introdotti i MOF (Metal Organic Framework) per degradare i PFAS, ovvero materiali metallici coordinati a leganti organici rigidi caratterizzati da una porosità molto elevata. Quest’ultima caratteristica permette di adsorbire l’inquinante così da facilitare la sua degradazione. Quest’ultimo passaggio viene eseguito dal catalizzatore ovvero il biossido di titanio (TiO2), sotto forma di nano bastoncini, che viene attivato tramite una lampada UV. La membrana è prodotta mediante elettrofilatura di soluzioni polimeriche che contengono i precursori della matrice e del catalizzatore; la struttura finale viene ottenuta attraverso un trattamento termico specifico. Successivamente, vengono addizionati i precursori dei MOF alla membrana; tale processo viene eseguito in autoclave. Infine, la membrana così ottenuta viene sottoposta a una serie di analisi per verificarne le proprietà meccaniche e chimiche. La caratterizzazione della membrana comprende analisi come la Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) per determinare il rapporto tra matrice polimerica, il catalizzatore e i MOFs, la spettroscopia FT-IR e osservazioni al microscopio elettronico a scansione ambientale (SEM). Per lo studio sulla degradazione è stato utilizzato un campione preparato in laboratorio. Non è stato possibile utilizzare un campione reale per motivi legati alla riproducibilità della concentrazione dell’inquinante in acqua.
Studio di rimozione dei composti perfluoroalchilici (PFAS) dalle acque attraverso membrane nanostrutturate
RIOUI, IBRAHIM
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis proposes to optimize the structure of a nanostructured polymer membrane for the treatment of water contaminated with perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), focusing in particular on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).In the last five years, PFAS have represented the main polluting scenario in Veneto and beyond. To limit their spread, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) intervened and published the proposed restriction, REACH, on these compounds. This research exploits a polyimide-based membrane into which MOF (Metal Organic Framework) have been introduced to degrade PFAS, i.e. metallic materials coordinated with rigid organic binders characterized by very high porosity. This last characteristic allows the pollutant to be adsorbed in order to facilitate its degradation. This last step is carried out by the catalyst, i.e. titanium dioxide (TiO2), in the form of nano rods, which is activated by a UV lamp. The membrane is produced by electrospinning of polymeric solutions containing the matrix and catalyst precursors; the final structure is obtained through a specific heat treatment. Subsequently, MOF precursors are added to the membrane; this process is carried out in an autoclave. Finally, the membrane thus obtained is subjected to a series of analyzes to verify its mechanical and chemical properties. Membrane characterization includes analyzes such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the relationship between the polymer matrix, catalyst, and MOFs, FT-IR spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. A laboratory prepared sample was used for the degradation study. It was not possible to use a real sample for reasons related to the reproducibility of the concentration of the pollutant in the water.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72262