Starting in the 1970s, the United States faced the phenomenon of Mass Incarceration, which led to a rapid increase in the prison population, exerting growing structural and economic pressures on the public system. This increase was largely the result of harsher punitive policies, such as the War on Drugs and the Three Strikes principle, which contributed to the overcrowding of prisons. To address this crisis, the state reformed the prison system by introducing privatization to meet the new demands. This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of prison privatization in the United States, with particular attention to evaluating whether the goal of greater economic efficiency has been achieved. The analysis begins with a general contextualization of the U.S. prison system and its evolution, to fully understand the events that led to Mass Incarceration. Subsequently, the two main companies that manage private prisons in the United States are examined, with a particular focus on their financing models and their relationship with the state. After a brief analysis of social aspects and the conditions of inmates, the discussion analyzes economic efficiency by comparing the private management model with the public one, highlighting how the profit incentive can cause distortions in the length of imprisonment. Finally, based on the findings, contractual modifications are proposed that could represent an effective solution. In the conclusion, the results are summarized, and a critical evaluation is made regarding the effectiveness of prison privatization in relation to the objectives set.
A partire dagli anni ’70, gli Stati Uniti hanno dovuto affrontare il fenomeno della Mass Incarceration, che ha portato a un rapido aumento della popolazione detenuta , esercitando crescenti pressioni strutturali ed economiche sul sistema pubblico. Questo incremento è stato in gran parte il risultato di politiche punitive più severe, come la guerra alla droga e il principio del Three Strikes, che hanno contribuito al sovraffollamento delle carceri. Per affrontare questa crisi, lo Stato ha riformato il sistema carcerario, introducendo la privatizzazione per far fronte alle nuove esigenze. Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare il fenomeno di privatizzazione delle carceri negli Stati Uniti, con particolare attenzione alla verifica del raggiungimento dell’obiettivo di una maggiore efficienza economica. L'analisi inizia con una contestualizzazione generale del sistema carcerario statunitense e della sua evoluzione, per comprendere a fondo gli eventi che hanno portato alla Mass Incarceration. Successivamente, vengono esaminate le due principali aziende che gestiscono le carceri private negli Stati Uniti, con un focus particolare sui loro modelli di finanziamento e sul loro rapporto con lo Stato. Successivamente, dopo una breve analisi degli aspetti sociali e sulle condizioni dei detenuti, la trattazione analizza l'efficienza economica confrontando il modello di gestione privata con quello pubblico, evidenziando come l'incentivo al profitto possa generare distorsioni nel tempo di detenzione. Infine, sulla base di quanto emerso, vengono proposte modifiche contrattuali che potrebbero rappresentare una soluzione efficace. Nella conclusione, vengono sintetizzati i risultati emersi e viene effettuata una valutazione critica riguardo l'efficacia della privatizzazione delle carceri rispetto agli obiettivi prefissati.
L'economia della giustizia: Analisi della privatizzazione delle carceri negli Stati Uniti
LEVORIN, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Starting in the 1970s, the United States faced the phenomenon of Mass Incarceration, which led to a rapid increase in the prison population, exerting growing structural and economic pressures on the public system. This increase was largely the result of harsher punitive policies, such as the War on Drugs and the Three Strikes principle, which contributed to the overcrowding of prisons. To address this crisis, the state reformed the prison system by introducing privatization to meet the new demands. This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of prison privatization in the United States, with particular attention to evaluating whether the goal of greater economic efficiency has been achieved. The analysis begins with a general contextualization of the U.S. prison system and its evolution, to fully understand the events that led to Mass Incarceration. Subsequently, the two main companies that manage private prisons in the United States are examined, with a particular focus on their financing models and their relationship with the state. After a brief analysis of social aspects and the conditions of inmates, the discussion analyzes economic efficiency by comparing the private management model with the public one, highlighting how the profit incentive can cause distortions in the length of imprisonment. Finally, based on the findings, contractual modifications are proposed that could represent an effective solution. In the conclusion, the results are summarized, and a critical evaluation is made regarding the effectiveness of prison privatization in relation to the objectives set.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72626