Cochlear implant offers reliable results in hearing rehabilitation and speech perception in hearing impaired subjects. Over the last decades, cochlear implant indications have been widened, including a growing amount of hearing-impaired elder subjects. The present work aims to evaluate the short term and a long-term auditory and communication outcome of cochlear implant in a homogeneous population of elder subjects from the third-level audiological centers of the University of Padova (Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit of the University of Padova/AULSS2, and the Otolaryngology Unit of the Academic Hospital of Padova). The secondary objectives are the evaluation of the association between preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes, and between short-term and long-term outcomes. The clinical and audiological records from cochlear implant users aged 65 years or more at the time of their implantation were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 110 subjects with a mean age of 72,7 ± 5,1 years old were selected. Information regarding clinical history, preoperative auditory thresholds and results from pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and speech recognition tests at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months after cochlear implant activation were retrieved. The mean preoperative PTA in the implanted ear was 103,9 ± 21,6 dB. One month after the implant activation a mean PTA of 43,1 ± 14,5 dB was reached, which improved to 37,2 ± 14,4 dB after 12 months. At one month the speech recognition threshold (SRT) was reached in 54,2% of subjects with a mean threshold of 58,6 dB ± 11,9 dB. The speech therapy evaluation after one month reported positive results in 99% of subjects for detection, 83% for identification and 46% for recognition tests. Twenty-four months after the implant’s activation, the PTA reached a mean of 35,7 ± 6,9 dB, while, at speech audiometry, 86% of subjects reached the SRT, with a mean threshold of 51,5 ± 10,8 dB. The speech therapy evaluation reported positive results 100% of subjects for detection, 96% for identification and 84% for recognition. The age at implantation was directly correlated with PTA values at 12 and 24 months (p = 0,0005 e p = 0,0378 respectively), while it was reversely correlated with the probability of reaching a 100% speech discrimination score (100%SDS) (p = 0,022). The hearing deprivation time length correlates with the PTA at 24 months (p = 0,016) and the SRT at 1 and 6 months (p = 0,026 e p = 0,019 respectively). The PTAs at 1 and 6 months correlated with the PTAs at 12, 24 and 36 months, and with SRT and 100%SDS at 12 months. The cluster analysis allowed to identify 4 statistically consistent subgroups of patients based on their preoperative characteristics: Cluster 1 (mean age 80,1 ± 3,7 years, PTA 101,7 ± 16,7 dB), Cluster 2 (mean age 71,0 ± 3,0 years old, PTA 71,3 ± 17,2 dB), Cluster 3 (mean age 71,2 ± 3,0 years old, PTA 124,9 ± 7,0 dB), Cluster 4 (mean age 68,3 ± 2,1 years old, PTA 98,4 ± 8,1 dB). These clusters showed a significatively different behavior (p = 0,0293) regarding the changes of the audiometric thresholds over time. Cochlear implants in the elderly population have shown promising results in terms of both pure tone and speech audiometry and speech perception tests. Age at implantation and hearing deprivation time, as well as the short-term audiological outcomes, appeared to be predictive of the long-term outcomes. To better characterize the functional results of cochlear implants in the elderly, further large-scale research, preferably in a prospective setting, is needed, focusing also on neuropsychological aspects and quality of life.
L’impianto cocleare è uno strumento che fornisce ottimi risultati nella riabilitazione dell’udito e della percezione verbale per i soggetti ipoacusici. Negli ultimi decenni le indicazioni a tale intervento si sono ampliate, includendo una quota sempre maggiore di pazienti anziani ipoacusici. La presente tesi ha come obiettivo la valutazione degli outcome uditivi e comunicativi a breve e a lungo termine dell’impianto cocleare in una popolazione omogenea di pazienti anziani. Tra gli obiettivi secondari ci sono la valutazione di un’associazione tra i fattori preoperatori e outcome postoperatori e tra outcome a breve termine e quelli a lungo termine. Sono stati retrospettivamente analizzati i dati ricavati dalle cartelle cliniche di pazienti portatori di impianto cocleare di età compresa o superiore i 65 anni al momento dell’intervento, effettuato presso i centri audiologici di terzo livello dell’Università di Padova (UOC Foniatria e Audiologia dell’Università di Padova/AULSS2 e UO Otorinolaringoiatria dell’Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova). Sono stati presi in considerazione 110 soggetti di età media 72,7 ± 5,1 anni. I dati raccolti riguardavano la storia clinica, le soglie uditive preoperatorie e i risultati postoperatori in termini di audiometria tonale, audiometria vocale e test di percezione verbale a 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 e 60 mesi dall’attivazione dell’impianto cocleare. La PTA preoperatoria media nel lato impiantato era 103,9 ± 21,6 dB. A un mese dall’attivazione dell’impianto è stata raggiunta una PTA media di 43,1 ± 14,5 dB, mentre a 12 mesi la media era di 37,2 ± 14,4 dB. All’audiometria vocale a un mese, il 54,2% raggiungeva la speech recognition threshold (SRT), con una soglia media di 58,6 dB ± 11,9 dB. Alla valutazione logopedica a un mese si sono riscontrati risultati positivi per il 99% alla detezione, l’83% all’identificazione e il 46% al riconoscimento. A 24 mesi dall’attivazione dell’impianto la PTA media era 35,7 ± 6,9 dB, mentre all’audiometria vocale l’86% raggiungeva la SRT con una soglia media di 51,5 ± 10,8 dB. Alla valutazione logopedica sono stati riscontrati esiti positivi per il 100% alla detezione, il 96% all’identificazione e l’84% al riconoscimento verbale. L’età al momento dell’intervento è risultata direttamente correlata con la PTA a 12 e 24 mesi (p = 0,0005 e p = 0,0378 rispettivamente) e, inversamente, con il raggiungimento dell’intellezione a un mese (p = 0,022). La durata della deprivazione è risultata correlata con la PTA a 24 mesi (p = 0,016) e le SRT a 1 mese e 6 mesi (p = 0,026 e p = 0,019 rispettivamente). Le PTA a 1 mese e a 6 mesi correlano con le PTA a 12, 24 e 36 mesi, nonché con la SRT e l’intellezione raggiunta a 12 mesi. La cluster analysis ha permesso di individuare quattro sottogruppi internamente omogenei di pazienti sulla base delle loro caratteristiche preoperatorie: Cluster 1 (età media 80,1 ± 3,7 anni, PTA 101,7 ± 16,7 dB), Cluster 2 (età media 71,0 ± 3,0 anni, PTA 71,3 ± 17,2 dB), Cluster 3 (età media 71,2 ± 3,0 anni, PTA 124,9 ± 7,0 dB), Cluster 4 (età media 68,3 ± 2,1 anni, PTA 98,4 ± 8,1 dB). Tali cluster hanno dimostrato, dal punto di vista dell’andamento delle soglie audiometriche tonali nel tempo, comportamenti significativamente differenti (p = 0,0293). I risultati dell’impianto cocleare nell’anziano hanno mostrato esiti promettenti sia per le soglie audiometriche tonali e vocali che per i test di percezione verbale logopedici. L’età e la durata della deprivazione uditiva, oltre che i risultati audiologici a breve termine, si sono dimostrati predittivi rispetto agli outcome a lungo termine. Per caratterizzare maggiormente i risultati funzionali dell’impianto cocleare nell’anziano, sono necessari ulteriori studi su larga scala, preferenzialmente in contesto prospettico, focalizzati anche su aspetti neuropsicologici e di qualità della vita.
Risultati funzionali dell’impianto cocleare nel paziente anziano
BULATEL, SABRINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Cochlear implant offers reliable results in hearing rehabilitation and speech perception in hearing impaired subjects. Over the last decades, cochlear implant indications have been widened, including a growing amount of hearing-impaired elder subjects. The present work aims to evaluate the short term and a long-term auditory and communication outcome of cochlear implant in a homogeneous population of elder subjects from the third-level audiological centers of the University of Padova (Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit of the University of Padova/AULSS2, and the Otolaryngology Unit of the Academic Hospital of Padova). The secondary objectives are the evaluation of the association between preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes, and between short-term and long-term outcomes. The clinical and audiological records from cochlear implant users aged 65 years or more at the time of their implantation were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 110 subjects with a mean age of 72,7 ± 5,1 years old were selected. Information regarding clinical history, preoperative auditory thresholds and results from pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and speech recognition tests at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months after cochlear implant activation were retrieved. The mean preoperative PTA in the implanted ear was 103,9 ± 21,6 dB. One month after the implant activation a mean PTA of 43,1 ± 14,5 dB was reached, which improved to 37,2 ± 14,4 dB after 12 months. At one month the speech recognition threshold (SRT) was reached in 54,2% of subjects with a mean threshold of 58,6 dB ± 11,9 dB. The speech therapy evaluation after one month reported positive results in 99% of subjects for detection, 83% for identification and 46% for recognition tests. Twenty-four months after the implant’s activation, the PTA reached a mean of 35,7 ± 6,9 dB, while, at speech audiometry, 86% of subjects reached the SRT, with a mean threshold of 51,5 ± 10,8 dB. The speech therapy evaluation reported positive results 100% of subjects for detection, 96% for identification and 84% for recognition. The age at implantation was directly correlated with PTA values at 12 and 24 months (p = 0,0005 e p = 0,0378 respectively), while it was reversely correlated with the probability of reaching a 100% speech discrimination score (100%SDS) (p = 0,022). The hearing deprivation time length correlates with the PTA at 24 months (p = 0,016) and the SRT at 1 and 6 months (p = 0,026 e p = 0,019 respectively). The PTAs at 1 and 6 months correlated with the PTAs at 12, 24 and 36 months, and with SRT and 100%SDS at 12 months. The cluster analysis allowed to identify 4 statistically consistent subgroups of patients based on their preoperative characteristics: Cluster 1 (mean age 80,1 ± 3,7 years, PTA 101,7 ± 16,7 dB), Cluster 2 (mean age 71,0 ± 3,0 years old, PTA 71,3 ± 17,2 dB), Cluster 3 (mean age 71,2 ± 3,0 years old, PTA 124,9 ± 7,0 dB), Cluster 4 (mean age 68,3 ± 2,1 years old, PTA 98,4 ± 8,1 dB). These clusters showed a significatively different behavior (p = 0,0293) regarding the changes of the audiometric thresholds over time. Cochlear implants in the elderly population have shown promising results in terms of both pure tone and speech audiometry and speech perception tests. Age at implantation and hearing deprivation time, as well as the short-term audiological outcomes, appeared to be predictive of the long-term outcomes. To better characterize the functional results of cochlear implants in the elderly, further large-scale research, preferably in a prospective setting, is needed, focusing also on neuropsychological aspects and quality of life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72781