Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration (>15 eosinophils per high-power field, HPF) and esophageal dysfunction. The disease significantly impacts patients' quality of life, as it can progress to fibrosis, worsening dysphagia and causing strictures. The incidence of EoE is rising, and current therapies (proton pump inhibitors, PPIs; topical steroids; elimination diets) are not always effective or well tolerated. In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the signaling of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), for the treatment of EoE. In 2023, the European Commission followed with its approval. In Italy, dupilumab is currently available under compassionate use while awaiting marketing authorization from the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA). Study Objective: This observational study aims to evaluate the short-term (12 weeks) efficacy of dupilumab in improving clinical, endoscopic, and histological outcomes in EoE patients refractory to conventional treatments and to assess the reliability of the Index of Severity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (I-SEE) for this evaluation. A secondary objective is to analyze the safety profile of the drug. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational, single-center study involved 19 patients aged ≥17 years treated with dupilumab under compassionate use at the Gastroenterology Unit (U.O.C.) of Padua. The response to therapy was evaluated using the I-SEE score, the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS), and the Peak Eosinophil Count (PEC), along with monitoring for adverse effects. Results: Of the 19 patients (78.95% male, median age 41 years at baseline), 8 were evaluated at 12 weeks. Since the I-SEE score includes a component related to immunomodulatory therapy, it was necessary to exclude this from the calculation to avoid falsely indicating worsening compared to baseline, when patients were not yet on treatment. With this adjustment, the I-SEE score improved from 6 to 3 (p=0.027). The EREFS score decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 (p=0.066), and the mean PEC from 30.37 to 12 (p=0.115). Three out of eight patients achieved clinical remission (p=0.038). Two patients reported adverse effects, but only one case resulted in the permanent discontinuation of the drug. Conclusions: This real-life data confirm clinical, endoscopic, and histological improvements with dupilumab in patients with EoE unresponsive to standard treatments, although statistical significance was not reached for all parameters. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term patient outcomes, drug safety, and its ability to prevent fibrostenotic progression.
Background: L'esofagite eosinofila (EoE) è una malattia infiammatoria cronica dell'esofago, caratterizzata da infiltrazione eosinofila (>15 eosinofili per high-power field, HPF) e disfunzione esofagea. La patologia ha un impatto significativo sulla qualità della vita dei pazienti, poiché può evolvere in fibrosi, aggravando la disfagia e causando stenosi. L'incidenza dell'EoE è in aumento e le attuali terapie (inibitori della pompa protonica, PPI; steroidi topici; diete di eliminazione) non risultano sempre efficaci o ben tollerate. Nel 2022, la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ha approvato dupilumab, un anticorpo monoclonale che inibisce la segnalazione di interleuchina-4 (IL-4) e interleuchina-13 (IL-13), per il trattamento dell'EoE. Nel 2023 è seguita l'approvazione da parte della Commissione Europea. In Italia, dupilumab è attualmente disponibile in regime di uso compassionevole, in attesa dell'autorizzazione alla commercializzazione da parte dell'Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA). Scopo dello studio: Lo studio osservazionale si propone di valutare l'efficacia a breve termine (12 settimane) di dupilumab nel migliorare gli esiti clinici, endoscopici e istologici in pazienti con EoE refrattari alle terapie convenzionali, e di verificare l'affidabilità dello score Index of Severity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (I-SEE) per questa valutazione. Un obiettivo secondario è l'analisi del profilo di sicurezza del farmaco. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio prospettico, osservazionale e monocentrico ha coinvolto 19 pazienti di età ≥ 17 anni trattati con dupilumab in regime di uso compassionevole presso l'Unità Operativa Complessa (U.O.C.) di Gastroenterologia di Padova. La risposta alla terapia è stata valutata mediante I-SEE score, Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) e Peak Eosinophil Count (PEC), con il monitoraggio degli effetti collaterali. Risultati: Dei 19 pazienti (78,95% uomini, età mediana 41 anni al baseline), 8 sono stati valutati a 12 settimane. Poiché l'I-SEE score include un punteggio legato all'uso di terapie immunomodulanti, è stato necessario escludere questa componente dal calcolo per evitare che sembrasse un peggioramento rispetto al baseline, quando i pazienti non erano ancora in trattamento. Con questa modifica, l'I-SEE score è migliorato da 6 a 3 (p=0,027). L'EREFS score è passato da 2,5 a 0,5 (p=0,066), e la PEC media da 30,37 a 12 (p=0,115). Tre pazienti su otto hanno raggiunto la remissione clinica (p=0,038). Due pazienti hanno riportato effetti collaterali; tuttavia, solo in un caso si è verificata una sospensione definitiva del farmaco. Conclusioni: I dati real-life confermano un miglioramento clinico, endoscopico e istologico con dupilumab nei pazienti con EoE non responsivi ai trattamenti standard, sebbene non sia stata raggiunta una significatività statistica per tutti i parametri. Saranno necessari ulteriori studi per valutare l'evoluzione dei pazienti, la sicurezza a lungo termine del farmaco e la sua capacità di prevenire la progressione fibro-stenotica.
Valutazione della risposta clinica, endoscopica e istologica al trattamento con Dupilumab nei pazienti con Esofagite Eosinofila
URBANI, GIORGIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration (>15 eosinophils per high-power field, HPF) and esophageal dysfunction. The disease significantly impacts patients' quality of life, as it can progress to fibrosis, worsening dysphagia and causing strictures. The incidence of EoE is rising, and current therapies (proton pump inhibitors, PPIs; topical steroids; elimination diets) are not always effective or well tolerated. In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the signaling of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), for the treatment of EoE. In 2023, the European Commission followed with its approval. In Italy, dupilumab is currently available under compassionate use while awaiting marketing authorization from the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA). Study Objective: This observational study aims to evaluate the short-term (12 weeks) efficacy of dupilumab in improving clinical, endoscopic, and histological outcomes in EoE patients refractory to conventional treatments and to assess the reliability of the Index of Severity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (I-SEE) for this evaluation. A secondary objective is to analyze the safety profile of the drug. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational, single-center study involved 19 patients aged ≥17 years treated with dupilumab under compassionate use at the Gastroenterology Unit (U.O.C.) of Padua. The response to therapy was evaluated using the I-SEE score, the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS), and the Peak Eosinophil Count (PEC), along with monitoring for adverse effects. Results: Of the 19 patients (78.95% male, median age 41 years at baseline), 8 were evaluated at 12 weeks. Since the I-SEE score includes a component related to immunomodulatory therapy, it was necessary to exclude this from the calculation to avoid falsely indicating worsening compared to baseline, when patients were not yet on treatment. With this adjustment, the I-SEE score improved from 6 to 3 (p=0.027). The EREFS score decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 (p=0.066), and the mean PEC from 30.37 to 12 (p=0.115). Three out of eight patients achieved clinical remission (p=0.038). Two patients reported adverse effects, but only one case resulted in the permanent discontinuation of the drug. Conclusions: This real-life data confirm clinical, endoscopic, and histological improvements with dupilumab in patients with EoE unresponsive to standard treatments, although statistical significance was not reached for all parameters. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term patient outcomes, drug safety, and its ability to prevent fibrostenotic progression.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72789