Background of the study: Somatostatin analogues are a class of drugs used as first-line treatment of acromegaly. However, this category of drugs is not effective in all patients, since the presence of drug resistance has been documented. Therefore, being able to predict the response to a treatment with somatostatin analogues would be useful for the patient with acromegaly, avoiding side effects of unnecessary therapy, and for pharmaco-economic aspects, avoiding prolonged treatments with expensive drugs. Aim of the study: The acute octreotide test could potentially predict long-term response to somatostatin analogues by identifying responsive or resistant patients. In this study we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of this acute in predicting the disease control after medical therapy with first generation long-acting somatostatin analogues (octreotide and lanreotide). Materials and methods: All the patients with acromegaly followed in the outpatient service of Clinica Medica 3 in the period 01.01.2004 until 01.09.2024 were retrospectively evaluated. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 subjects were selected from a total of 157 patients who had undergone an octreotide test at diagnosis and who were subsequently treated with long-acting first-generation somatostatin analogues (octreotide and lanreotide). The biochemical control of the disease was defined on the basis of the levels of IGF1 (ULN < 1.3) and GH (< 2.5 or 1 μg/L) in the different visits (4-6 months, 8-12 months, 24 months, last visit). The test response to octreotide (100 μg sc) with hourly GH sampling for 6 hours was classified as positive or negative based on the different GH suppression cut-offs (GH < 1, GH < 2.5 and GH 5 μg/L). The sensitivity and specificity of the test in relation to disease control, its positive and negative predictive value, as well as its accuracy were studied. The statistical analysis was carried out with the IBM SPSS statistics®, keeping a p < 0.05 as significant. Results: Sixty-seven patients (28 males and 39 females) with an average age of 46 years were studied. The mean GH concentration at diagnosis was 21.92 μg/L and the mean IGF1 (ULN) was 3.01. As expected, in the various visits the patients achieved a progressive disease control in terms of IGF1 and GH. IGF1 control was achieved in 33% of patients at 4-6 months, 30% at 8-12 months, 45% at 24 months and 47% at the last visit. GH control was achieved in 27% of patients at 4-6 months, 36% at 8-12 months, 45% at 24 months and 42% at the last visit. Patients who responded to drug therapy had on average lower GH and IGF1 (ULN) values at diagnosis. Some patients also underwent surgical treatment: 9% at 4-6 months, 13% at 8-12 months, 65% at 24 months and 56% at the last visit. The octreotide test showed lower GH values on average in patients who achieved disease control. Using the ROC curves, it is observed that the octreotide test is on average more sensitive rather than specific in predicting disease control. The test progressively loses sensitivity as the GH nadir cut-off increases. Instead, the specificity never exceeds 53%. These data are also confirmed by the analysis of PPV and NPV. The accuracy of the test is also greater for the GH cut-off < 1 μg/L (around 70%), with a decrease at the 24-month visits and at the last visit. Conclusions: The acute octreotide test is a predictive disease control test with high sensitivity but low specificity. It is therefore more useful for identifying acromegaly patients who do not achieve disease control. In summary, this test doesn’t allow to choose somatostatin analogues therapy with the certainty of achieving disease control.
Presupposti dello studio: Le somatostatine sono una classe di farmaci utilizzati in prima linea per il trattamento dell’acromegalia. Tuttavia questa categoria di farmaci non è efficace in tutti i pazienti poiché è stata documentata la presenza di una resistenza farmacologica. Quindi, riuscire a predire la risposta a un trattamento con somatostatine sarebbe utile per il paziente con acromegalia, evitando effetti collaterali di una terapia non necessaria, e per gli aspetti farmaco-economici, evitando trattamenti prolungati con farmaci costosi. Scopo dello studio: Il test all’octreotide potrebbe potenzialmente predire la risposta a lungo termine agli analoghi della somatostatina individuando i pazienti responsivi e quelli resistenti. In questo studio ci si propone quindi di valutare l’utilità di questo test acuto nel predire il controllo di malattia dopo terapia medica con somatostatine a lunga durata d’azione di prima generazione (octreotide e lanreotide). Materiali e metodi: Sono stati valutati retrospettivamente tutti i pazienti afferenti alla Clinica Medica 3 nel periodo 01.01.2004 fino al 01.09.2024. Sulla base dei criteri di inclusione ed esclusione, da un totale di 157 pazienti sono stati selezionati 67 soggetti che avevano effettuato un test all’octreotide alla diagnosi e che sono stati successivamente trattati con analoghi della somatostatina di prima generazione a lunga durata d’azione (octreotide e lanreotide). Il controllo biochimico di malattia è stato definito sulla base dei livelli di IGF1 (ULN < 1,3) e di GH (< 2,5 o 1 μg/L) nelle diverse visite (4-6 mesi, 8-12 mesi, 24 mesi, ultima visita). La risposta al test all’octreotide (100 ug sc) con prelievi orari di GH per 6 ore è stata classificata come positiva o negativa sulla base dei diversi cut-off di soppressione del GH (GH < 1, GH < 2,5 e GH 5 μg/L). È stata quindi studiata la sensibilità e la specificità del test in relazione al controllo di malattia, il suo valore predittivo positivo e negativo, nonché la sua accuratezza. Il programma di statistica utilizzato è stato IBM SPSS statistics®, con significatività della p < 0.05. Risultati: Sono stati studiati 67 pazienti (28 maschi e 39 femmine) con un’età media di 46 anni. La concentrazione media di GH alla diagnosi era 21,92 μg/L e la media di IGF1 (ULN) era 3,01. Come atteso, nelle diverse visite i pazienti hanno ottenuto un progressivo controllo di malattia in termini di IGF1 e GH. Il controllo di IGF1 è stato raggiunto nel 33% dei pazienti a 4-6 mesi, 30% a 8-12 mesi, 45% a 24 mesi e 47% all’ultima visita. Il controllo di GH è stato raggiunto nel 27% dei pazienti a 4-6 mesi, 36% a 8-12 mesi, 45% a 24 mesi e 42% all’ultima visita. I pazienti che hanno risposto alla terapia farmacologica avevano in media dei valori minori di GH e IGF1 (ULN) alla diagnosi. Alcuni pazienti sono stati sottoposti anche a trattamento chirurgico: il 9% a 4-6 mesi, 13% a 8-12 mesi, 65% a 24 mesi e 56% all’ultima visita. Il test all’octreotide ha mostrato valori di GH significativamente più bassi nei pazienti che ottenevano un controllo di malattia. Mediante con le curve ROC si osserva che il test all’octreotide è più sensibile piuttosto che specifico nel predire il controllo di malattia. Il test perde progressivamente sensibilità con l’aumento del cut-off di nadir del GH. Invece, la specificità non supera mai il 53%. Questi dati sono confermati anche dall’analisi di VPP e VPN. Anche l’accuratezza del test è maggiore per il cut-off di GH < 1 μg/L (intorno al 70%), con una sua diminuzione alle visite dei 24 mesi e all’ultima visita. Conclusioni: Il test all’octreotide è un test predittivo di controllo di malattia con un’alta sensibilità ma bassa specificità. Risulta quindi maggiormente utile per individuare chi non raggiunge il controllo di malattia, ma non consente di scegliere la terapia con somatostatine con la sicurezza di raggiungere il controllo.
Il test dell’octreotide nella valutazione diagnostica nell’acromegalia
BAIOCCHI, JACOPO
2023/2024
Abstract
Background of the study: Somatostatin analogues are a class of drugs used as first-line treatment of acromegaly. However, this category of drugs is not effective in all patients, since the presence of drug resistance has been documented. Therefore, being able to predict the response to a treatment with somatostatin analogues would be useful for the patient with acromegaly, avoiding side effects of unnecessary therapy, and for pharmaco-economic aspects, avoiding prolonged treatments with expensive drugs. Aim of the study: The acute octreotide test could potentially predict long-term response to somatostatin analogues by identifying responsive or resistant patients. In this study we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of this acute in predicting the disease control after medical therapy with first generation long-acting somatostatin analogues (octreotide and lanreotide). Materials and methods: All the patients with acromegaly followed in the outpatient service of Clinica Medica 3 in the period 01.01.2004 until 01.09.2024 were retrospectively evaluated. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 subjects were selected from a total of 157 patients who had undergone an octreotide test at diagnosis and who were subsequently treated with long-acting first-generation somatostatin analogues (octreotide and lanreotide). The biochemical control of the disease was defined on the basis of the levels of IGF1 (ULN < 1.3) and GH (< 2.5 or 1 μg/L) in the different visits (4-6 months, 8-12 months, 24 months, last visit). The test response to octreotide (100 μg sc) with hourly GH sampling for 6 hours was classified as positive or negative based on the different GH suppression cut-offs (GH < 1, GH < 2.5 and GH 5 μg/L). The sensitivity and specificity of the test in relation to disease control, its positive and negative predictive value, as well as its accuracy were studied. The statistical analysis was carried out with the IBM SPSS statistics®, keeping a p < 0.05 as significant. Results: Sixty-seven patients (28 males and 39 females) with an average age of 46 years were studied. The mean GH concentration at diagnosis was 21.92 μg/L and the mean IGF1 (ULN) was 3.01. As expected, in the various visits the patients achieved a progressive disease control in terms of IGF1 and GH. IGF1 control was achieved in 33% of patients at 4-6 months, 30% at 8-12 months, 45% at 24 months and 47% at the last visit. GH control was achieved in 27% of patients at 4-6 months, 36% at 8-12 months, 45% at 24 months and 42% at the last visit. Patients who responded to drug therapy had on average lower GH and IGF1 (ULN) values at diagnosis. Some patients also underwent surgical treatment: 9% at 4-6 months, 13% at 8-12 months, 65% at 24 months and 56% at the last visit. The octreotide test showed lower GH values on average in patients who achieved disease control. Using the ROC curves, it is observed that the octreotide test is on average more sensitive rather than specific in predicting disease control. The test progressively loses sensitivity as the GH nadir cut-off increases. Instead, the specificity never exceeds 53%. These data are also confirmed by the analysis of PPV and NPV. The accuracy of the test is also greater for the GH cut-off < 1 μg/L (around 70%), with a decrease at the 24-month visits and at the last visit. Conclusions: The acute octreotide test is a predictive disease control test with high sensitivity but low specificity. It is therefore more useful for identifying acromegaly patients who do not achieve disease control. In summary, this test doesn’t allow to choose somatostatin analogues therapy with the certainty of achieving disease control.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72921