In the past, fatty acids were viewed negatively for their impact on human health, as they were associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, numerous studies have shown that fatty acids play a very important role in human health, particularly in the prevention of many diseases. Among them, fatty acids can have structural differences that promote distinctive effects on the biological processes in the body. The main classification is based on the degree of saturation, thus into saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are often considered harmful due to their correlation with cardiovascular diseases. However, some of them have been shown to have positive health effects, such as butyric acid. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, have gained a reputation, especially omega-3, for their role in human health and disease prevention. For these reasons, the goal in animal food products is increasingly to improve the nutritional profile by increasing the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and reducing the amount of saturated fats. In these products, the composition of fatty acids varies based on several factors, such as diet, farming systems, and animal genetics. In bovine milk, the stage of lactation has also proven to be important. This work will first describe the structure and functions of fatty acids to better understand their importance in human health and their role in disease prevention. Next, the fatty acid profiles in eggs, pork, beef, and milk will be examined, with particular attention given to the factors that influence the lipid composition of these foods. Finally, the methods of fatty acid analysis will be explored, focusing on extraction techniques and with a brief mention of gas chromatography.
In passato, gli acidi grassi erano visti in modo negativi per il loro impatto sulla salute umana, in quanto erano associati ad un alto rischio nello sviluppo di malattie cardiovascolari. Tuttavia, numerosi studi hanno dimostrato che gli acidi grassi sono risultati molto importanti per la salute umana, grazie al loro ruolo nella prevenzione di molte malattie. Tra loro gli acidi grassi possono presentare differenze strutturali che promuovono effetti distintivi sui processi biologici nell’organismo. La suddivisione principale è in base al grado di saturazione, quindi in saturi ed insaturi. I grassi saturi sono spesso considerati dannosi per la loro correlazione con le malattie cardiovascolari. Tuttavia, alcuni di essi hanno dimostrato avere effetti positivi per la salute, come ad esempio l’acido butirrico. Gli insaturi invece hanno sviluppato una certa fama, in particolare gli omega-3, per il loro ruolo nella salute umana e nella prevenzione delle malattie. Per questi motivi nei prodotti di origine animale si sta cercando sempre di più di migliorare il profilo nutrizionale di questi alimenti, con l’obbiettivo di incrementare la percentuale di acidi grassi insaturi e di ridurre quella degli acidi grassi saturi. In questi prodotti, la composizione in acidi grassi varia in base a diversi fattori, come l’alimentazione, il sistema di allevamento e la genetica dell’animale. Nel latte bovino è risultato essere molto importante anche lo stadio di lattazione della bovina nel momento in cui viene raccolto il latte. In questo lavoro inizialmente si descriveranno la struttura e le funzioni degli acidi grassi, al fine di comprendere al meglio la loro importanza nella salute umana e il loro ruolo nella prevenzione delle malattie. Successivamente verranno esaminati i profili degli acidi grassi nelle uova, nella carne suina, nella carne bovina e nel latte, il quale riceverà maggiore attenzione nella descrizione dei fattori che influenzano la composizione lipidica di questi alimenti. Infine, verranno esaminati i metodi di analisi degli acidi grassi, con un focus sui metodi di estrazione e un accenno sulla gascromatografia.
L'importanza degli acidi grassi nei prodotti di origine animale
ATEMANDI, ENRICO
2023/2024
Abstract
In the past, fatty acids were viewed negatively for their impact on human health, as they were associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, numerous studies have shown that fatty acids play a very important role in human health, particularly in the prevention of many diseases. Among them, fatty acids can have structural differences that promote distinctive effects on the biological processes in the body. The main classification is based on the degree of saturation, thus into saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are often considered harmful due to their correlation with cardiovascular diseases. However, some of them have been shown to have positive health effects, such as butyric acid. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, have gained a reputation, especially omega-3, for their role in human health and disease prevention. For these reasons, the goal in animal food products is increasingly to improve the nutritional profile by increasing the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and reducing the amount of saturated fats. In these products, the composition of fatty acids varies based on several factors, such as diet, farming systems, and animal genetics. In bovine milk, the stage of lactation has also proven to be important. This work will first describe the structure and functions of fatty acids to better understand their importance in human health and their role in disease prevention. Next, the fatty acid profiles in eggs, pork, beef, and milk will be examined, with particular attention given to the factors that influence the lipid composition of these foods. Finally, the methods of fatty acid analysis will be explored, focusing on extraction techniques and with a brief mention of gas chromatography.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/72927