Biochar is the solid carbonaceous material product of pyrolysis, which is the oxidation of ligno-cellulosic biomass in an environment without or with limited concentrations of oxygen. Biochar is characterised by remarkable chemical stability, which makes its production a carbon sequestration methodology as its oxidation to CO2 is estimated in 100-1000 years. Pyrolysis is a technology in line with current European policies to reduce climate-changing emissions and carbon (C) storage. Historically, its agronomic use as a soil amendment was the first large-scale application, but currently, non-agricultural uses are increasing. Biochar is proving to be suitable as a blend supplement for building materials, as a substitute for many petroleum derivatives in the chemical industry and in electronic applications. Urban environments feature green areas whose benefits for the resident population are well known and include both physical and mental well-being. These spaces have a positive economic impact, as property values generally tend to increase in areas with more green spaces. Today, in addition to promoting physical well-being and offering aesthetic and recreational functions, green areas are called upon to contribute to reducing of the urban heat island effect, to the circular management of materials and energy produced in the urban environment, to food production and the mitigation of the impact of climate change. These functions are more or less directly related to the fertility and functionality of urban soils, which are often highly disturbed, of completely artificial origin, lacking structure and therefore with low levels of ecosystem functionality. In my thesis, I examine the possibility of using biochar as a soil conditioner in urban soils in order to improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics, promoting not only the growth and stability of urban vegetation but also the ecosystem functions of the soil. I conclude that the few known experiences of using biochar as a soil conditioner in urban soils show undeniable benefits on their fertility and ecological functionality, and that the current rapid evolution of pyrolysis technology makes this approach applicable to different types of organic waste produced in urban areas. This can significantly contribute to achieving the city's circularity objectives, according to the most advanced principles of environmental, ecological and social sustainability.
Il biochar è il materiale carbonioso solido sottoprodotto dalla pirolisi che è l’ossidazione di biomassa ligno-cellulosica in un ambiente privo o con concentrazioni limitate di ossigeno. Il biochar è caratterizzato da una notevole stabilità chimica che ne rende la produzione una carbon sequestration methodology in quanto, la sua ossidazione a CO2 è stimata in 100-1000 anni. La pirolisi è una tecnologia in linea con le attuali politiche europee di abbattimento delle emissioni climalteranti e di stoccaggio di carbonio (C). Storicamente, l’impiego agronomico come ammendante del suolo è stato il primo su vasta scala ma, attualmente, gli usi non agricoli stanno aumentando. Il biochar è un materiale che si sta dimostrando idoneo come integratore di miscele per materiali edilizi, come sostituto di molti derivati del petrolio nell’industria chimica e in applicazioni elettroniche. L’ambiente urbano presenta aree verdi i cui benefici per la popolazione residente sono ben noti e riguardano il benessere sia fisico che psichico. Questi spazi hanno un impatto economico positivo, poiché il valore degli immobili generalmente tende ad aumentare nelle zone maggiormente dotate di aree verdi. Oggi, oltre a promuovere il benessere fisico e offrire funzioni estetiche e ricreative, le aree verdi sono chiamate a contribuire alla riduzione dell'effetto isola di calore, alla gestione circolare di materia ed energia prodotti in ambiente urbano, alla produzione alimentare e alla mitigazione dell'impatto dei cambiamenti climatici. Queste funzioni sono più o meno direttamente collegate alla fertilità e alla funzionalità dei suoli urbani, spesso altamente disturbati, di origine completamente artificiale, privi di struttura e quindi con bassi livelli di funzionalità ecosistemica. Nella mia tesi prendo in esame la possibilità di utilizzare il biochar come ammendante dei suoli urbani al fine di migliorare le caratteristiche fisiche, chimiche e biologiche, favorendo non soltanto l’accrescimento e la stabilità della vegetazione urbana ma anche le funzioni ecosistemiche del suolo. Concludo che, le poche esperienze note di utilizzo di biochar come ammendante dei suoli urbani dimostrano innegabili benefici sulla loro fertilità e funzionalità ecologica e che l’attuale forte evoluzione della tecnologia di pirolisi rende questo approccio applicabile a diverse tipologie di rifiuti organici prodotti in ambito urbano, potendo contribuire in maniera significativa al raggiungimento degli obiettivi di circolarità delle città, secondo i più avanzati principi di sostenibilità ambientale, ecologica e sociale.
Potenzialità del biochar come ammendante per l'incremento di fertilità e funzionalità dei suoli urbani
VETTORI, GABRIEL
2023/2024
Abstract
Biochar is the solid carbonaceous material product of pyrolysis, which is the oxidation of ligno-cellulosic biomass in an environment without or with limited concentrations of oxygen. Biochar is characterised by remarkable chemical stability, which makes its production a carbon sequestration methodology as its oxidation to CO2 is estimated in 100-1000 years. Pyrolysis is a technology in line with current European policies to reduce climate-changing emissions and carbon (C) storage. Historically, its agronomic use as a soil amendment was the first large-scale application, but currently, non-agricultural uses are increasing. Biochar is proving to be suitable as a blend supplement for building materials, as a substitute for many petroleum derivatives in the chemical industry and in electronic applications. Urban environments feature green areas whose benefits for the resident population are well known and include both physical and mental well-being. These spaces have a positive economic impact, as property values generally tend to increase in areas with more green spaces. Today, in addition to promoting physical well-being and offering aesthetic and recreational functions, green areas are called upon to contribute to reducing of the urban heat island effect, to the circular management of materials and energy produced in the urban environment, to food production and the mitigation of the impact of climate change. These functions are more or less directly related to the fertility and functionality of urban soils, which are often highly disturbed, of completely artificial origin, lacking structure and therefore with low levels of ecosystem functionality. In my thesis, I examine the possibility of using biochar as a soil conditioner in urban soils in order to improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics, promoting not only the growth and stability of urban vegetation but also the ecosystem functions of the soil. I conclude that the few known experiences of using biochar as a soil conditioner in urban soils show undeniable benefits on their fertility and ecological functionality, and that the current rapid evolution of pyrolysis technology makes this approach applicable to different types of organic waste produced in urban areas. This can significantly contribute to achieving the city's circularity objectives, according to the most advanced principles of environmental, ecological and social sustainability.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73042