Background: Hypopituitarism is a pathology that consists in the loss of secretion of hormones from the anterior or posterior part of the pituitary gland. In patients affected by panhypopituitarism there is a complete loss of hormonal secretion with consequent typical clinical manifestations for each hormonal deficit. In particular, these patients are affected also by growth hormone (GH) deficiency, the growth hormone, hence, in order to compensate such deficiency a substitutional recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy is recommended. The GH substitute therapy presents multiple effects on the patients. Observations from patients undergoing this therapy showed a reduction in serum cortisol. It is presumed that such reduction might occur because of the normalization of the activity of the 11β-HSD-1 enzyme, which causes a reduction in the cortisol to cortisone conversion. Moreover, GH therapy is observed to have influence over free thyroxine, since supposedly this treatment unmasks a condition of hypothyroidism which was hidden in GH deficient patients. Objective of the study: The objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of GH therapy in the hypopituitary patient. In particular, we aimed to investigate the effects of this treatment on corticosteroid hormones, thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism. In addiction we evaluated the presence of possible differences in these parameters between female and male subjects. Methods and materials: The study was conducted at the Endocrinology clinic of the University Hospital of Padova and consisted of 126 patients undergoing GH substitute therapy. In the examined patients the parameters that were gathered consisted of the salivary cortisol and cortisone rhythm, the salivary cortisol/cortisone ratio, free thyroxin and low-density lipoprotein, all investigated with and without GH treatment. Results: From the obtained results we could observe how there was a significant reduction in the cortisol/cortisone rate and an increase of the cortisone, during therapy in women compared to men. The comparison of the parameters between baseline and follow-up yielded no significant modification in both cases, at the same level of glucocorticoid substitute therapy and Levotiroxine treatment. Conclusions: In the present study, no significant negative influence of the rhGH substitute therapy was found regarding the salivary cortisol and cortisone, free thyroxine and on low-density lipoproteins, which is not in line with the literature. On the other hand, a reduction of the cortisol/cortisone rate during GH therapy in the female patients was established.
Presupposti dello studio: L’ipopituitarismo è una patologia che consiste nella perdita della secrezione degli ormoni dell’ipofisi anteriore o posteriore. Nei pazienti affetti da panipopituitarismo si ha una perdita completa della secrezione ormonale con conseguenti manifestazioni cliniche tipiche dei deficit interessati. In particolare, questi pazienti sono affetti anche da deficit di ormone della crescita (growth hormone GH) e per sopperire alla carenza assumono una terapia sostitutiva con recombinant human GH (rhGH). La terapia sostitutiva presenta diversi effetti in coloro che la assumono. In particolare, è stata osservata una riduzione del cortisolo sierico nei pazienti sottoposti a terapia con GH. Il cortisolo potrebbe essere diminuito a causa dell’azione del GH sull’enzima 11β-HSD-1, la quale porta ad una riduzione della conversione del cortisolo in cortisone. Oltre al cortisolo salivare, la terapia con GH si è osservato avere influenza anche sulla tiroxina libera, in quanto si suppone che vada a smascherare una condizione di ipotiroidismo non manifesta in presenza di carenza di GH. Scopo dello studio: Lo scopo dello studio effettuato consiste nell’analizzare gli effetti della terapia con GH nel paziente affetto da ipopituitarismo. In particolare, si è mirato ad indagare il suo effetto sugli ormoni corticosteroidei, tiroidei e sul metabolismo lipidico. In aggiunta si è indagata la presenza di eventuali differenze in questi ambiti tra soggetti di sesso maschile e femminile. Materiali e metodi: La popolazione esaminata consiste in 126 pazienti sottoposti a terapia sostitutiva con GH in trattamento presso gli ambulatori di Endocrinologia dell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova. Dei pazienti considerati sono stati raccolti il ritmo del cortisolo e cortisone salivare, il rapporto cortisolo/cortisone salivare, la tiroxina libera e le lipoproteine a bassa densità sia in presenza che in assenza di terapia. Risultati: Dai risultati ottenuti si è potuto evidenziare come si presenti una riduzione significativa del rapporto cortisolo/cortisone e un aumento del cortisone, in presenza di terapia, nelle donne rispetto agli uomini. Confrontando i parametri tra baseline e follow-up, invece, non è stata dimostrata alcuna alterazione tra i valori ottenuti nelle due casistiche, a parità di terapia sostitutiva glucocorticoide e con Levotiroxina. Conclusioni: Nello studio effettuato non si è osservata un’influenza negativa della terapia sostitutiva con rhGH sul cortisolo e cortisone salivare, sulla tiroxina libera e sulle lipoproteine a bassa densità, al contrario di quanto descritto in letteratura. È stata invece riscontrata una riduzione del rapporto tra cortisolo e cortisone durante terapia con GH nelle pazienti di sesso femminile.
La terapia con GH nel paziente panipopituitarico
FORMAIANO, ANIES
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Hypopituitarism is a pathology that consists in the loss of secretion of hormones from the anterior or posterior part of the pituitary gland. In patients affected by panhypopituitarism there is a complete loss of hormonal secretion with consequent typical clinical manifestations for each hormonal deficit. In particular, these patients are affected also by growth hormone (GH) deficiency, the growth hormone, hence, in order to compensate such deficiency a substitutional recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy is recommended. The GH substitute therapy presents multiple effects on the patients. Observations from patients undergoing this therapy showed a reduction in serum cortisol. It is presumed that such reduction might occur because of the normalization of the activity of the 11β-HSD-1 enzyme, which causes a reduction in the cortisol to cortisone conversion. Moreover, GH therapy is observed to have influence over free thyroxine, since supposedly this treatment unmasks a condition of hypothyroidism which was hidden in GH deficient patients. Objective of the study: The objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of GH therapy in the hypopituitary patient. In particular, we aimed to investigate the effects of this treatment on corticosteroid hormones, thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism. In addiction we evaluated the presence of possible differences in these parameters between female and male subjects. Methods and materials: The study was conducted at the Endocrinology clinic of the University Hospital of Padova and consisted of 126 patients undergoing GH substitute therapy. In the examined patients the parameters that were gathered consisted of the salivary cortisol and cortisone rhythm, the salivary cortisol/cortisone ratio, free thyroxin and low-density lipoprotein, all investigated with and without GH treatment. Results: From the obtained results we could observe how there was a significant reduction in the cortisol/cortisone rate and an increase of the cortisone, during therapy in women compared to men. The comparison of the parameters between baseline and follow-up yielded no significant modification in both cases, at the same level of glucocorticoid substitute therapy and Levotiroxine treatment. Conclusions: In the present study, no significant negative influence of the rhGH substitute therapy was found regarding the salivary cortisol and cortisone, free thyroxine and on low-density lipoproteins, which is not in line with the literature. On the other hand, a reduction of the cortisol/cortisone rate during GH therapy in the female patients was established.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73205