Introduction. Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness (ICUAW) is the most common cause of generalized neuromuscular weakness acquired in the intensive care unit (ICU) and has a significant prognostic impact (Stevens et al., 2009; Woodruff & Choong, 2021). The diagnosis is based on clinical signs of muscle weakness caused by nerve and/or muscle dysfunction—Critical Illness Polyneuropathy (CIP) and Critical Illness Myopathy (CIM), respectively—in the context of critical illness (Z'Graggen & Tankisi, 2020). The incidence of ICUAW in adults ranges from 30% to 100%; however, epidemiological data on pediatric ICUAW are lacking (Latronico et al., 2005; Tennilä et al., 2000). Although the exact timing of onset of ICU-acquired neuromuscular disorders is unknown, the first electrophysiological signs of CIP/CIM detectable on nerve conduction studies (NCS) occur within the first 24-48 hours of ICU admission (Latronico et al., 2007). In many ICUs, simplified neurophysiological studies have become part of clinical practice and are performed as screening tests in patients at high risk of developing ICUAW, as early recognition of these disorders allows for timely rehabilitation interventions and improves the prognosis of these patients (Latronico et al., 2014). Objectives. • To evaluate the trend of simplified motor NCS parameters performed serially on the median and common peroneal (sciatic) nerves in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the University Hospital of Padua for more than 48 hours, to identify any alterations during hospitalization. • To correlate the appearance of alterations in electrophysiological parameters with short-term outcomes and identify possible independent risk factors associated with these changes. • To conduct a literature review of studies analyzing the incidence of motor nerve conduction study (NCS) alterations indicative of CIP and CIM in pediatric patients admitted to PICUs. Results. A total of 22 children admitted to our PICU for more than 48 hours underwent serial motor NCS during hospitalization. 32% of these patients developed a significant reduction in the amplitude of the Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) of the median and/or common peroneal nerves, with a median time of 3 days since admission to PICU. The common peroneal nerve was the most frequently and earliest affected. Patients with significant alterations had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, more prolonged PICU stay, and more frequent requiring of enteral nutrition at hospital discharge. We identified one published study evaluating the incidence of CIP/CIM development through serial NCS in pediatric patients, which failed to demonstrate any significant alteration in electrophysiological parameters in 97 recruited children (Kasinathan et al., 2021). Conclusions. Simplified neurophysiological assessments can be performed in children admitted to the PICU as a screening tool to detect early signs of CIP and CIM and identify candidates for more in-depth diagnostic investigations.
Introduzione. L’Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness (ICUAW) è la più comune causa di debolezza neuromuscolare generalizzata acquisita in terapia intensiva (TI) con significativo impatto prognostico (Stevens et al., 2009; Woodruff & Choong, 2021). La diagnosi si basa su segni clinici di debolezza muscolare, causata da una disfunzione nervosa e/o muscolare – Critical Illness Polyneuropathy (CIP) e Critical Illness Miopathy (CIM), rispettivamente - nel contesto di una malattia critica (Z'Graggen & Tankisi, 2020). L'incidenza di ICUAW nell’adulto varia tra il 30% e il 100%; invece, i dati epidemiologici sulla ICUAW pediatrica risultano carenti (Latronico et al., 2005; Tennilä et al., 2000). Sebbene il timing esatto di esordio dei disturbi neuromuscolari acquisiti in TI non sia noto, i primi segni elettrofisiologici di CIP/CIM rilevabili agli studi di conduzione nervosa (NCS) si verificano già nelle prime 24-48 ore dall’ingresso in TI (Latronico et al., 2007). In molte TI, studi neurofisiologici semplificati sono diventati parte della pratica clinica e vengono eseguiti come test di screening nei pazienti con elevato rischio di sviluppare ICUAW, poiché il riconoscimento precoce di tali disordini permette di avviare tempestivi interventi riabilitativi e migliorare la prognosi di questi soggetti (Latronico et al., 2014). Obiettivi. • Valutare l’andamento dei parametri elettrofisiologici di NCS motori semplificati eseguiti in modo seriato sui nervi mediano e sciatico popliteo esterno (SPE) in bambini ricoverati presso la Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica (TIP) dell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova per più di 48 ore, per evidenziarne eventuali alterazioni durante la degenza. • Correlare la comparsa di alterazioni dei parametri elettrofisiologici all’outcome a breve termine e ricercare possibili fattori di rischio indipendenti associati a tali modifiche. • Effettuare una revisione della letteratura riguardante lavori che analizzino l’incidenza di sviluppo di alterazioni agli studi di conduzione nervosa (NCS) motoria indicative di CIP e CIM in pazienti pediatrici ricoverati in TIP. Risultati. 22 bambini, ricoverati presso la nostra TIP per più di 48 ore, sono stati sottoposti a NCS motorie seriate durante il ricovero. Il 32% di questi pazienti ha sviluppato una riduzione significativa dell'ampiezza del CMAP (Compound Muscle Action Potential) del nervo mediano e/o SPE entro un tempo mediano di 3 giorni dal ricovero in TIP. Lo SPE è stato il nervo più comunemente e precocemente colpito. I pazienti con alterazioni significative hanno presentato una maggiore durata della ventilazione meccanica, più prolungata durata del ricovero in TIP e in ospedale e più frequente necessità di nutrizione enterale artificiale alla dimissione dall’Ospedale. Abbiamo identificato uno studio pubblicato che abbia valutato tramite NCS seriati l’incidenza di sviluppo di CIP/CIM in pazienti pediatrici, non riuscendo a dimostrare alcuna significativa alterazione dei parametri elettrofisiologici in 97 bambini reclutati (Kasinathan et al., 2021). Conclusioni. Valutazioni neurofisiologiche semplificate sono eseguibili nei bambini ricoverati in TIP come screening per rilevare precocemente segni di CIP e CIM e individuare i candidati per indagini diagnostiche più approfondite.
Andamento dello studio di conduzione nervosa motoria in pazienti pediatrici ricoverati in terapia intensiva: risultati preliminari di uno studio prospettico monocentrico
MAZZARO, PIETRO
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction. Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness (ICUAW) is the most common cause of generalized neuromuscular weakness acquired in the intensive care unit (ICU) and has a significant prognostic impact (Stevens et al., 2009; Woodruff & Choong, 2021). The diagnosis is based on clinical signs of muscle weakness caused by nerve and/or muscle dysfunction—Critical Illness Polyneuropathy (CIP) and Critical Illness Myopathy (CIM), respectively—in the context of critical illness (Z'Graggen & Tankisi, 2020). The incidence of ICUAW in adults ranges from 30% to 100%; however, epidemiological data on pediatric ICUAW are lacking (Latronico et al., 2005; Tennilä et al., 2000). Although the exact timing of onset of ICU-acquired neuromuscular disorders is unknown, the first electrophysiological signs of CIP/CIM detectable on nerve conduction studies (NCS) occur within the first 24-48 hours of ICU admission (Latronico et al., 2007). In many ICUs, simplified neurophysiological studies have become part of clinical practice and are performed as screening tests in patients at high risk of developing ICUAW, as early recognition of these disorders allows for timely rehabilitation interventions and improves the prognosis of these patients (Latronico et al., 2014). Objectives. • To evaluate the trend of simplified motor NCS parameters performed serially on the median and common peroneal (sciatic) nerves in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the University Hospital of Padua for more than 48 hours, to identify any alterations during hospitalization. • To correlate the appearance of alterations in electrophysiological parameters with short-term outcomes and identify possible independent risk factors associated with these changes. • To conduct a literature review of studies analyzing the incidence of motor nerve conduction study (NCS) alterations indicative of CIP and CIM in pediatric patients admitted to PICUs. Results. A total of 22 children admitted to our PICU for more than 48 hours underwent serial motor NCS during hospitalization. 32% of these patients developed a significant reduction in the amplitude of the Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) of the median and/or common peroneal nerves, with a median time of 3 days since admission to PICU. The common peroneal nerve was the most frequently and earliest affected. Patients with significant alterations had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, more prolonged PICU stay, and more frequent requiring of enteral nutrition at hospital discharge. We identified one published study evaluating the incidence of CIP/CIM development through serial NCS in pediatric patients, which failed to demonstrate any significant alteration in electrophysiological parameters in 97 recruited children (Kasinathan et al., 2021). Conclusions. Simplified neurophysiological assessments can be performed in children admitted to the PICU as a screening tool to detect early signs of CIP and CIM and identify candidates for more in-depth diagnostic investigations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73206