ABSTRACT Introduction. Exposure to drugs of abuse is a global problem that also affects the paediatric population. Despite the high prevalence of substance use in the general population, data on paediatric exposure are scarce and especially those relating to families, possible source of exposure. Exposure of children may occur during pregnancy, through breast-feeding, by voluntary administration, by accidental contact or by passive inhalation and can be investigated by hair analysis. Purpose. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent of paediatric exposure to drugs of abuse in the reference area, to study families with suspected exposure to drugs, comparing the child's toxicological evidence with that of the parents and, on the basis of the results, to draw up suggestions for clinical practice and with a view to health planning. Materials and Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted on hair analysis reports. In particular, the data used for the purposes of this study were obtained from the reports of toxicological investigations on hair carried out at the U.O.C. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the Hospital-University of Padua in the year 2023. The departments of origin of the requests for toxicological investigations, selected for the purpose of data collection, consisted of obstetrics-gynaecology and paediatric departments. Reports of hair analysis of children aged 0-16 years and their parents were included. Results. The analysis of the whole sample of children showed a positive rate of 59.3% (80/135), that of parents 80.3% (49/61) and that of families 90.7% (39/43). Cocaine and cannabis were the most frequently detected substances in all samples considered. 89.2% of the children tested together with at least 1 parent and positive for cocaine and/or cannabis (25/28) have at least 1 parent positive for the same substance. Discussion. The results show that children who are positive for a certain substance are matched by parents who are positive for the same substance. These results confirm that parents represent an important source of drug exposure in the paediatric population and highlight the importance of investigating both mothers and fathers from a toxicological point of view. The results also highlight the importance of collecting a careful and detailed maternal history and a comprehensive assessment of the child, not limited to clinical signs, but also including information on the family and living environment. Conclusion. Although each situation is unique and must be assessed in its entirety and uniqueness, intercepting these families is important from a prevention perspective, both in order to direct a clinical-assistance-social takeover of the family and to prevent damage to the health, survival, and development of minors.
RIASSUNTO Introduzione. L’esposizione a sostanze stupefacenti è un problema globale che interessa anche la popolazione pediatrica. Nonostante l’elevata prevalenza d’uso di sostanze nella popolazione generale, sono scarsi i dati relativi all’esposizione in età pediatrica e soprattutto quelli relativi alle famiglie, possibili fonti di esposizione. L’esposizione dei bambini può avvenire sia durante la gravidanza, sia attraverso l’allattamento, per somministrazione volontaria, per contatto accidentale o per inalazione passiva e può essere indagata attraverso l’analisi della matrice cheratinica. Scopo. Il presente studio ha lo scopo di indagare l’estensione del fenomeno dell’esposizione pediatrica a sostanze stupefacenti nell’area di riferimento, di studiare le famiglie con sospetta esposizione a sostanze stupefacenti, confrontando le evidenze tossicologiche del bambino con quelle dei genitori e, sulla scorta dei risultati, elaborare suggerimenti per la pratica clinica e nell’ottica della programmazione sanitaria. Materiali e Metodi. È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo su referti di analisi del capello. In particolare, i dati utilizzati ai fini del presente studio sono stati ricavati dai referti delle indagini tossicologiche su capello eseguite presso la U.O.C. di Medicina Legale e Tossicologia dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova nell’anno 2023. I reparti di provenienza delle richieste delle analisi tossicologiche, selezionati al fine della raccolta dei dati, consistono in reparti di ambito ostetrico-ginecologico e pediatrico. Sono stati inclusi i referti relativi alle analisi condotte su matrici di bambini di età 0-16 anni e dei loro genitori. Risultati. L’analisi dell’intero campione di bambini ha mostrato una percentuale di positivi del 59,3% (80/135), quella dei genitori dell’80,3% (49/61) e quella delle famiglie del 90,7% (39/43). La cocaina e la cannabis sono le sostanze più frequentemente rilevate in tutti i campioni considerati. L’89,2% dei bambini testati insieme ad almeno 1 genitore e positivi a cocaina e/o cannabis (25/28) ha almeno 1 genitore positivo alla stessa sostanza. Discussione. I risultati dello studio mostrano che a bambini positivi per una determinata sostanza, corrispondono genitori positivi per la stessa. Questi risultati confermano che i genitori rappresentano un’importante fonte di esposizione a stupefacenti nella popolazione pediatrica ed evidenziano l’importanza di indagare dal punto di vista tossicologico sia le madri sia i padri. I risultati evidenziano inoltre l’importanza della raccolta di un’attenta e dettagliata anamnesi materna e di una valutazione globale del bambino, non limitata ai segni clinici, ma che comprenda anche le informazioni sulla famiglia e sull’ambiente di vita. Conclusione. Sebbene ogni situazione sia a sé e debba essere valutata nella sua interezza e unicità, intercettare queste famiglie è importante in un’ottica di prevenzione, sia per indirizzare una presa in carico clinica-assistenziale-sociale della famiglia sia per prevenire danni alla salute, alla sopravvivenza e allo sviluppo dei minori.
Esposizione a sostanze stupefacenti in bambini e famiglie: studio retrospettivo
VIANELLO, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction. Exposure to drugs of abuse is a global problem that also affects the paediatric population. Despite the high prevalence of substance use in the general population, data on paediatric exposure are scarce and especially those relating to families, possible source of exposure. Exposure of children may occur during pregnancy, through breast-feeding, by voluntary administration, by accidental contact or by passive inhalation and can be investigated by hair analysis. Purpose. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent of paediatric exposure to drugs of abuse in the reference area, to study families with suspected exposure to drugs, comparing the child's toxicological evidence with that of the parents and, on the basis of the results, to draw up suggestions for clinical practice and with a view to health planning. Materials and Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted on hair analysis reports. In particular, the data used for the purposes of this study were obtained from the reports of toxicological investigations on hair carried out at the U.O.C. of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the Hospital-University of Padua in the year 2023. The departments of origin of the requests for toxicological investigations, selected for the purpose of data collection, consisted of obstetrics-gynaecology and paediatric departments. Reports of hair analysis of children aged 0-16 years and their parents were included. Results. The analysis of the whole sample of children showed a positive rate of 59.3% (80/135), that of parents 80.3% (49/61) and that of families 90.7% (39/43). Cocaine and cannabis were the most frequently detected substances in all samples considered. 89.2% of the children tested together with at least 1 parent and positive for cocaine and/or cannabis (25/28) have at least 1 parent positive for the same substance. Discussion. The results show that children who are positive for a certain substance are matched by parents who are positive for the same substance. These results confirm that parents represent an important source of drug exposure in the paediatric population and highlight the importance of investigating both mothers and fathers from a toxicological point of view. The results also highlight the importance of collecting a careful and detailed maternal history and a comprehensive assessment of the child, not limited to clinical signs, but also including information on the family and living environment. Conclusion. Although each situation is unique and must be assessed in its entirety and uniqueness, intercepting these families is important from a prevention perspective, both in order to direct a clinical-assistance-social takeover of the family and to prevent damage to the health, survival, and development of minors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73207